BIO MEDICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:

 Deepika Tiwari-15
 Ishani Bhattacharya-20

 Neha Gupta-31

 Pritee Agarwal-42

 Shashank Pandey-54
LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE THE
LIVES OF “THE HEALTHY”

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 BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Definition :

Acc to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical waste”

means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining there to or in the production or testing of bio medicals.

Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged directly,

or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the atmosphere or to a
receiving water source, or used for landfill is waste. (Wilson, 1981)

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 SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
 Government/private hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Physician/dentist office or clinic
 Dispensaries
 Primary health care centers
 Medical research and training centers
 animal./slaughter houses
 labs/research organizations
 Vaccinating centers
 Bio tech institutions/production units

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 DEFINITION
 Hospital waste: refers to all waste, biological or non biological, that
is discarded and is not intended for further use .

 Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of patient

diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings or animals .

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 DEFINITION

 Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that could

transmit an ‘infectious disease’.

 Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/ autopsy

or other medical procedures including human tissues, organs,
body parts, body fluids and specimens along their containers.

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MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

 GLOBALLY- Developed countries generate 1 to 5 kg/bed/day

 Developing countries: meager data, but figures are lower.

1-2kg/pt./day

 WHO Report: 85% non hazardous waste

: 10% infective waste
: 5% non-infectious but hazardous.
(Chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive)

 INDIA:-No national level study

- local or regional level study shows hospitals
generate roughly 1-2 kg/bed/day
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CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTES (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST)

 The Ministry of Environment and Forest has drafted certain rules

in exercise of powers conferred by sections 6,8 and 25 of the
environment (protection) act, 1986
 The Gazette of India extraordinary , part II –section 3- subsection (ii)
 On 20th July 1998

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CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I
WASTE TREATMENT AND
TYPE OF WASTE
CATEGORY DISPOSAL OPTION
Human Anatomical Waste (Human Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 1
tissues, organs, body parts) burial*
Animal Waste
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 2 experimental animals used in research,
burial*
waste generated by veterinary hospitals
and colleges, discharge from hospitals,
animal houses)

Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks
or specimen of live micro organisms or
attenuated vaccines, human and animal Local autoclaving/
Category No. 3 cell cultures used in research and microwaving /
infectious agents from research and incineration@
industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biologicals, toxins and 11
devices used for transfer of cultures)
 Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,
scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may
Category No. 4
cause puncture and cuts. This includes
both used and unused sharps)
Disinfecting (chemical
treatment@@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
and mutilation / shredding

Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs Incineration@ / destruction

Category No. 5 (Wastes comprising of outdated, and drugs disposal in
contaminated and discarded medicines) secured landfills

Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with

body fluids including cotton, dressings, Incineration@ /
Category No. 6
soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding and autoclaving / microwaving
other materials contaminated with blood.)

Solid Waste (Waste generated from Disinfecting by chemical

disposable items other than the waste treatment@@ /
Category No. 7
sharps such as tubing, catheters, autoclaving / microwaving 12
intravenous sets, etc.) and mutilation / shredding
 Liquid Waste (Waste generated from
Disinfecting by chemical
the laboratory and washing, cleaning,
Category No. 8 treatment@@ and
house keeping and disinfecting
discharge into drains
activities)

Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration Disposal in municipal

Category No. 9
of any biomedical waste) landfill

Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in Chemical treatment @@

production of biologicals, chemicals
Category No.10
used in disinfecting, as insecticides,
etc.)
and discharge into drains
for liquids and secured
landfill for solids.
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PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
INFECTIOUS WASTE

 Lab cultures
 Waste from isolation wards
 Tissues(swabs)
 Materials/equipments of infected patients
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
• Excreta
• Human tissues/fluids
• Body parts
• Blood or body fluids
SHARP WASTE

 Needles
 Infusion Sets
 Scalpels
 Knives Blades
 Broken Glass
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE

• Expired Pharmaceuticals
• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals
• Banned Pharmaceuticals
GENOTOXIC WASTE

 Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often

Used In Cancer Theraphy)
 Genotoxic Chemicals

CHEMICAL WASTE
 Lab reagents
 Film developer
 Expired disinfectants
 Expired solvents

WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY

METALS

 Waste with high content of heavy metals

 Batteries
 Broken thermometers
 Blood pressure guages etc
PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
 Gas cylinders
 Gas catridges
 Aerosol cans

RADIOACTIVE WASTE
 Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
 Contaminated glass wares, packages,
absorbent papers
HOSPITAL WASTE DISPOSAL
 Hospital waste management
is a part of hospital hygiene
and maintenance activities. In
fact only 15% of hospital
waste i.e. "Biomedical waste"
is hazardous, not the
complete.

 But when hazardous waste is

not segregated at the source
of generation and mixed with
nonhazardous waste, then
100% waste becomes
hazardous
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Treatment and Disposal Methods of
Hospital Waste

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THANK YOU