Mount Everest

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Ganesh Katara
Contents
1. What is Mount Everest?  …of Mount Everest
2. Where is Mount Everest? 10. History Made by Indian Girl
3. Geographical 11. Debated expedition
4. Did you know? 12. Conclusion
5. How…
 … was it formed?
 … does it stack up?
 … do you get to the top?
6. Interesting Facts
 Key Dates
7. The Sherpa's
8. The Climbing
9. Survival…
 …on Mount Everest
What is Mount Everest ?
This is the summit of Mt
Everest

• Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the

world, it reaches up to 8848m. (There have
been arguments about the height).
• Or is it? Hawaii's Mauna Kea, though, rises
33,476 feet (10,203 meters) from the
depths of the Pacific Ocean floor. Measuring
from base to peak, Mauna Kea is the tallest
mountain on earth. Not easy to climb from
base to top!
• The first people to climb to the top of
Mount Everest were Sir Edmund Hillary
from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay
from Nepal. Hillary and Norgay reached the
peak on 29th of May 1953. Hillary had had
many attempts to climb Everest. His
attempts were made in 1951 and 1952. In
1953 he had reached the summit and the
queen knighted him for his achievement
and that is were he got his title “sir”.
Where is Mount Everest ? Mt Everest

• Mount Everest is found in the

Himalayas in Asia, Everest is
found in between Nepal and
Tibet. The Himalayas include
nearly 100 of the worlds tallest
peaks, is the worlds largest
chain of mountains and it
contains the world’s largest
land peaks. In Sanskrit
Himalayas means: Him - snow;
alaya - home.
How was Mount Everest formed ?
• 60 million years ago when the
continent Laurasia broke up in to
lots of parts, India moved north
toward Asia then crashed. The
seabed between the two plates
was crumbled and pushed up to
create the mountains of the
Himalayas around the northern
rim of India. These plates are
still moving around 2.5 inches
every year which forces the
height of the mountains to
increase.
How does Mount Everest stack up?
Height

Continent Mountain Country and/or location Feet Meters

Asia Mt. Everest Tibet-Nepal 29,035 8,848/50

South America Mt. Aconcagua Argentina 22,834 6,960

North America Mt. McKinley (Denali) United States, Alaska 20,320 6,194

Africa Mt. Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,340 5,995

Europe Elbrus Russia/Georgia 18,510 5,642

Antarctica Vinson Massif Ellsworth Mts. 16,066 4,897

Australia1 Kosciusko Australia 7,310 2,228

How Do you Get to the Top
• It’s easy – you follow the map!
North Face - Messer Variant
When Reinhold Messer made the first solo ascent in 1980,
he climbed about halfway up the North Ridge, then
traversed to the right to the Great Couloirs
North Ridge/North East Ridge
This Climbing route is shorter than the South Col route
but above the north Cole the route becomes increasingly
rocky and aggressive with severe winds.
South West Face Central Couloirs
From the Western Cam, the route climbs the huge
Y-shaped couloirs, taking the left fork through the
rock band
South Col/South East Ridge
This is the most popular way up to the summit
(it is also called the "yak" route) but should
never be underestimated
Did You Know?
• In Nepal Mt Everest is called
Sagawartha which means land of
eternal snows and in Tibet it is called
Chomolungma.
• Mt Everest and some of its neighbors
are so tall that they rise above cloud
level for most of the year.
• Mt Everest was named after Sir
George Everest. Everest worked as a
British surveyor.
• The Sides of Everest: are: The North
Face, The South West Face, The East
(Kangshung) Face

Sir George Everest

•
Dates of Interest
Heights Recorded:
– 1852 First Height Recorded: 29.002ft 8.839m
– 1955 Revised Height: 29.028ft 8.848m
– 1999 Revised Height: 29.035ft 8.850m
– 2005 Revised Height: 29.017ft 2inches 8.844.43m

• Interesting Climbs and Climbers

– 1841: Sir George Everest a surveyor records the location of Mount Everest calling it Peak XV
– 1859: Peak XV renamed Mount Everest to honor Sir George Everest
– 1953: On the 29th May Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay become the first people to stand on
the summit of Mount Everest
– 1975: On the 16th May Junko Tabbies from Japan became the first woman to reach the summit of
Mount Everest
– 1978: Reinhold Messer and Peter Labeler were the first to climb Mount Everest without any Artificial
Oxygen on the 8th May
– 1986: Tensing Norgay aged 72 passed away on the 9th May
– 1995: Alison Hargreaves was the first British woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest Solo
and without any Artificial Oxygen but later the same year died while descending from the summit of
K2
– 1996: Jamling Norgay son of Tenzing reached the summit of Mount Everest on the 23rd May
– 1998: Tom Whittaker from USA became the first disabled (has an artifical leg) person to reach the
summit of Mount Everest on the 27th May
– 2001: Temba Tsheri Sherpa became the youngest person to stand on the summit of Mount Everest
at the age of 15
– 2004: 21st May saw Pemba Dorje Sherpa make a speed record of 8 hours and 10 minutes from
base camp to summit of Mount Everest
– 2006: Ming Kipa Sherpa is the youngest girl at the age of 15 to reach the summit of Everest on the
24th May
– 2008: Sir Edmund Hillary sadly passed away aged 88 on the 11th January
What are
Sherpas?

● Sherpa means “East People”

● They are from the Eastern part of Nepal in
the Khumbu-Valley, the national park surrounding
Everest.
● The Sherpas live at high altitudes for generations, so they
have developed a genetic natural allowance for it. They are
a culture of elite mountaineers, so they serve as guides at
extreme altitude peaks.
● They are paid to do things such as prepare the route for
foreign climbers to follow, fix ropes in place, and carry the
necessary climbing kit up the mountain.
The Sherpa
Sherpa as a surname appears to be the result of the
Nepalese government census takers writing the word on
census forms in the space for last name.

In addition to Buddha and the great Buddhist divinities,

the Sherpa also believe in numerous deities and
demons who inhabit every mountain, cave, and forest.
Climbing Gear
- Footwear: Climbing boots, hiking boots,
running shoes, 5 different types of socks
- Clothing: long sleeve shirts, underwear
(long), synthetic jacket and pants
(waterproof), wind shirts
- Head and Hand gear: Fleece gloves,
insulated climbing gloves, fleece hat, face
mask (balaclava)
- Accessories: Ski goggles, head lamp with
spare bulb and batteries
- Climbing equipment: Ice axe, crampons,
harness (and carabineer), rappel device,
ascenders
- Camping gear: backpack, sleeping bag,
sleeping pad, water bottles, eating utensils
- Medical & Personal: first-aid kit water
purification tablets, ear plugs
- Travel items: expedition duffel bag, nylon
stuff sacks, small travel bag
Training needed to climb
Everest
• Cardiovascular exercises such as biking,
swimming, and running (between 45-60 minutes,
five times a week)
• Lifting weights to prevent muscle fatigue and
hiking outdoor trails with added weight on your
back for 3 hours.
• Having previous experience with rope skills and
climbing glaciers.
• Preparing mentally by visualizing the climb
• Going rock climbing
Costs to climb Everest
● The average company cost $48,000 on the
south side (Nepal) and $37,000 on the north
side (Tibet).
● When on climbing on your own you have to get a
permit that costs $11,000.
● Oxygen and Sherpa cost for climbing Everest
would cost from $3,440-$11,880.
● Extra supplies needed for the climb would cost
from $9,650-$34,400.
Survival on Mount Everest
• Bad Weather
– If you were climbing on Everest the weather can quickly get very bad
and a blizzard can occur. Sometimes you can’t see and you might take
a wrong turn and walk straight off a cliff. Because of this, when a
blizzard sets in, climbers usually make a cave to wait till the weather
calms down.
• Cold
– When you get cold you’re body slows down and it is hard to think.
Climbers usually wear lots of thick layers to protect themselves from the
cold.
• Altitude
– As you climb higher there is not enough oxygen to breath. To ensure
this doesn’t happen climbers carry oxygen bottles.
• Climbing on snow and ice
– Snow and ice is hard to climb on because it is slippery. Climbers take
crampons which are shoes with metal teeth. They also carry Ice Axes to
help them climb higher.
Survival of Mount
• The large number of trekkers and
Everest
climbers who visit Nepal and the
Everest region contribute to the local
economy but also cause serious
environmental impact.
• Although some climbing gear is
recycled by local residents, it is
estimated that more than 50 tons of
plastic, glass, and metal were dumped
between 1953 and the mid-1990s in
what has been called "the world's
highest junkyard."
• Efforts have been made to reduce the
negative environmental impact on
Mount Everest. The Nepalese
government has been using a portion
of climbing fees to clean up the area.
In 1976, with aid from Sir Edmund
Hillary's Himalayan Trust and the
Nepalese government, the Sagarmatha
National Park was established to
preserve the remaining soil and forest
around Mount Everest.
Conquering The Summit

• In spite of these risks, reaching the top of

Everest has become a status symbol.
– By the 1990s, even people with little
experience and poor physical conditioning
were climbing Everest.
History made by Indian Girl
• Malavath Purna is an Indian Mountaineer from Pakala village,Nizamabad
mandal,Telangana State. Her story is known to very few people. She is the
first youngest girl to climb Mt.everest. On May 25th 2014 Purna scaled the
highest peak of Mt.Everest and aged 13 years 11 months. She was born on
10th June 2000.
• She belongs to a tribal family. Her parents (mother Laxmi and father
Devidas) are farm labourers. She joined Telangana Social Welfare
Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent
was spotted by the secretary of the Society Dr R S Praveen Kumar. She was
shortlisted for Operation Everest along with a Dalit boy, Sadhanapalii An
and Kumar. In preparation for climbing Mount Everest she trekked to
mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. Her story is being made by bollywood
film industry.So,peeps don't miss this inspirational story………
Debated Expedition
• The 1921 Everest expedition was mainly for reconnaissance, and the team had to first locate Everest before
it could trek to and then around the mountain’s base. Mallory and his old school friend Guy Bullock mapped
out a likely route to the summit of Everest from the northern (Tibetan) side. In September the party
attempted to climb the mountain, but high winds turned them back at the valley that came to be called the
North Col.
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• Mallory also was part of the second expedition, mounted in 1922, which featured the major innovation of
using supplemental (bottled) oxygen on some of the ascents. Mallory and his team climbed without
supplemental oxygen and reached a height of 27,300 feet (8,230 metres) but could go no farther. A second
attempt a few days later ended disastrously when his party was caught in an avalanche that killed seven
porters.
• In 1924 Mallory was selected for the third expedition, though he was less certain about returning. Before he
left he was asked why climbers struggled to scale Everest, to which he gave the famous reply, “Because it’s
there.” The expedition had a difficult time with high winds and deep snows. On June 6 he and a young and
less-experienced climber, Andrew Irvine, set off for an attempt on the summit. The two started out from their
last camp at 26,800 feet (8,170 metres) on the morning of June 8. Another member of the expedition
claimed to have caught a glimpse of the men climbing in the early afternoon when the mists briefly cleared.
Mallory and Irvine were never seen again. The British public was shocked at Mallory’s loss.
• The mystery of their fateful climb has been debated since that day, especially whether Mallory and Irvine had
reached the summit. In the 1930s Irvine’s ice axe was found at about 27,700 feet (8,440 metres), and in
1975 a Chinese climber discovered a body that he described as being that of an Englishman. In addition, an
oxygen canister from the 1920s was found in 1991. With these clues, an expedition set out in 1999 to search
for the two. Mallory’s body was found at 26,760 feet (8,155 metres), and it was determined that he had died
after a bad fall; Irvine was not found. It was hoped that the camera Mallory had with him would be
recovered and that it might reveal if he and Irvine had made it to the top. Effects such as an altimeter,
pocketknife, and letters were found but no camera. His body was buried where it had been discovered.