Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rural and Urban Lifes
Rural and Urban Lifes
• http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/theamericas/00/bahamas/17-2.gif
http://www.georgetowncranberry.com/images/skipper.jpg
Agribusiness
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/26.JPG
Slash: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/22.JPG
Burn:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/26.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/ra
inforest/&h=512&w=768&sz=140&tbnid=TO1EkMcffXOxEM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=141&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dshifting%2Bcultivation%26svnum%3
D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG
Growth: http://www.taa.org.uk/Courses/Week4/Swidden2.jpg
Tree: http://www.sln.org.uk/geography/images/SLN@Malaysia2005/Richard%20and%20Bob/Shifting%20cultivation%20266.jpg
Story: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/
Shifting cultivation (observations)
• SOUND: Done wisely, it is
ecologically sound in
otherwise uncultivable soils.
• POPULATION: Increasing
population density eventually
makes this practice
unsustainable.
• TITLE: In some countries,
land tenure (ownership) is
established by cutting the
land, not leaving it “idle”
(letting it recover).
• COMPETITION: In some
places, shifting cultivation is
being replaced by a pattern
of logging, cattle ranching,
and more intensive cash crop
cultivation.
• LOSS: This can be a first
step in forest conversion to
grassland.
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/26.JPG
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/images/rainforest/27.JPG
Issues for subsistence agriculture:
• Population growth
– Forest fallow bush fallow short fallow annual multi-cropping
• Intensification may not be sustainable. (Site dependent)
– New farming methods require cash.
• more inputs: fertilizer, manure, new tools, more labor intensive
• new seeds and new crops
• Needs to have enough income to fertilize, buy equipment, buy seed.
• International trade pressure:
– conversion of food crops to cash crops for more profit…
– drug crops (can be involuntary)
Intensive subsistence agriculture:
• Population growth
– Forest fallow bush fallow short fallow annual
cropping multi-cropping
• Conversion from slash and burn to multi-crop farming
may not be sustainable
• Profit motives impact farmers.
– Lure of money
– Land loss (legal, and illegal) to for-profit activity
International trade pressure: