Food Resources

Food in the World

Food is essential for living 30,000 plant species with parts people can eat 15 plants and 8 animals supply 90% of our food Wheat, rice, and corn are half the calories people eat 66% of people eat mainly rice, wheat, and corn (grains)

Components of Food
Carbohydrates Called as energy producers Proteins Body builders Fats, vitamins and minerals

Types of food supply

Crop lands : 76% of food.. Rice , wheat.. Range lands : Obtained from grazing livestock (cow, goat) e.g .. Milk and meat. Oceans : 7% of food.. e.g : fish and prawn

World food problems

79% of world : water 21% : land : most of the land areas are desert , forest and buildings Urbanization: less agricultural land.. Not enough to produce food to all

Types of Agriculture
Modern agriculture Traditional agriculture

www.orknet.co.uk/welsby/ farming.htm

World food problems

Excessive use of pesticides which destroys the agricultural land. Monoculture : Planting single variety of crops, which destroy other varities of crops. Soil erosion : Removal of top surface of soil which is rich in nutrients.

Nutrition
To maintain good health : carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Undernutrition: is defined as the outcome of insufficient food intake

Nutrition
Malnutrition : defined as the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.

Modern Agriculture
Modern agriculture-Use large amounts of fossil fuel energy, water, commercial fertilizers and pesticides to produce huge quantities of single crops or livestock animals for sale. www.alaskajournal.co m/.../ foc_20030804021.

www.alaskajournal.com/.../ foc_20030804021.

Traditional Agriculture
members.aol.com/ porkchopsplace/

Traditional agriculture-practiced by 2.7 people on earth

Traditonal subsistence agriculture-produce enough food to stay alive Traditional Intensive agriculture-farmers increase inputs of human and draft labor, fertilizer and water to get a higher yield per area of cultivated land to produce enough food for families, and their income

Green Revolution
Involves 3 steps 1. Developing and planting monocultures of selectively bred or genetically engingeered high yeid varieties of key crops 2. Lavishing fertilizer, pesticides, and water on crops to produce high yeilds 3. Often increasing the intensity and frequency of cropping

Food Production in the U.S.

Since 1940, food production in the U.S. has more than doubled crop production 9% of population is involved in the U.S. agricultural system. Generates 18% of countries GNP

Livestock Production
Meat products are sources of quality protein. Between 1950 and 1996, world meat production increased fourfold and per capita meat production rose by 29%. 14% of U.S. topsoil is associated with livestock grazing. Cattle belch out 12-15% of all the methane released into the atmosphere Some say if Americans cut their grain intake by 16%, this would save enough grain to provide a subsistence diet for nearly 900 million people.

about.reuters.com/ids/products/ onlinerep.htm

Interplanting
Polyvarietal cultivation-Where plot is planted with several varieties of the same crop Intercropping-two or more different crops grown at same time on a plot Agroforestry- Crops and trees are planted together Polyculture-Many different plants mature at various times, and are planted together.

World Food Problems

Reasons for problems:
Population growth Increasing affluence Degradation and loss of cropland Little growth in irrigation Decline in global fertilizer
www.fi.edu/guide/hughes/ finiteresources.html

Undernutrition
UndernutritionConsuming insuffieciet food to meet ones minimum daily energy requirement for a long enough time to cause harmful effects

www.hellfirepass.com/ index_pow.htm

Malnutrition
Malnutrition-Faulty nutrition. Caused by a diet that does not supply a persons with enough protein, essential fats, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.

Overnutrition
Overnutrition-an excessive intake of food, especially fats

fulton.edzone.net/winkler/ chapter05/chapter05.htm

Problems in using fertilizers

Micro nutrient Imbalance: Caused by Excessive use of chemical fertilizers N Nitrogen P- Phosporous K - Potassium

Blue baby syndrome

Caused because of Nitrogen fertilizers. Soil and ground water When Nitrogen content exceeds 25mg/litre Cause death of babies

Eutrophication
Chemical fertilizers are washed off from crop fields in to lakes or other water bodies. Increases the algae growth Affects aquatic life

Problems using Fertilizers

DDT ( Dichlorophenyl Trichloro Methane) Sulphur They are used to kill pests or insects in crop lands

Biomagnification
Pesticides form plants penetrate in to the food chain and affects animals and human. Pesticides content increases when it reaches human from plants..

Water logging
Water stays in land for many days Causes: Heavy rain Poor drainage Excessive water supply to the crops Effects: Plant roots dont get oxygen

Salinity
Accumulation of salt in the soil Dissolved salts in water stays in land after evaporation of water. Crops are affected because of excess salt.. Controlled by flushing.

Case studies : Water logging and salinity in haryana

Because of canal irrigation. Indira gandhi canal project Caused decrease in crop productivity.

Pesticides in Pepsi and Coca-cola

Pepsi and coke : pesticide content is 30-40 times higher than normal. Pepsi: 0.0180 mgs/lit Coke : 0.0150 mgs/lit