Principles, Elements,

Techniques, and Devices of

Creative Nonfiction
(continuation)
Using elements of Creative
Nonfiction
Irony
As a literary device, irony is a contrast or incongruity between
expectations for a situation and what is reality. This can be a
difference between the surface meaning of something that is
said and the underlying meaning. It can also be a difference
between what might be expected to happen and what actually
occurs.

Example:

His friend’s hand was as soft as a rock.

Figures of Speech
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate
meaning from its literal definition. It can be
a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison. It can be
the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to
provide a dramatic effect.

Example:

Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran