English for Computer 2

14
Modul ke:

Language Focus: Although, consequences

Vocabulary: DVD, HAD Blue-Ray, Optical Disk
Reading: Optical Storage
Skills: reading, writing
Fakultas
Ilmu Komputer

Program Studi
Sistem Informasi
Dra. Harisa Mardiana M. Pd
 OPTICAL STORAGE

English for Computer 2

CDS AND DVDS

A. In pairs, discuss these questions.

1. What do CD and DVD stand for?
2. What is the main advantage of using DVDs instead of
CDs?
B. How do you say theses expressions in your language?
1. optical disc
2. laser beam
3. backward-compatible
LANGUAGE WORK: CONNECTORS 2
A. Look at these extracts from the text and put the words in
italics into the correct column of the table.
1. 1. They are therefore ideal for multimedia applications....
2. 2. Furthermore, optical discs are not affected by magnetic
fields.
3. 3. However, they are very different in internal structure and
data capacity.
4. 4. As a result, a CD can hold 650-700MB, whereas a basic
DVD can hold 4.7GB.
5. 5. In addition, a DVD can be double-sided and dual layer...
CONNECTORS 2

• Indicating addition Furthermore in addition and Besides

moreover
• Making contrasts

• However whereas although but on the other hand

• Explaining the results or effects of something
therefore as a result so thus
consequently because
 USE OF ARTICLES
common noun or noun phrase

Countable Uncountable

Singular Plural the zero (Ø)

(specific) (generic)

a/an the the Ø

(non-specific) (specific)
ARTICLES

• Are used with certain categories of proper nouns

• Are used with common nouns or noun phrases
• Consist of the indefinite article (a/an) and the definite
article (the)
• Are absent in non-specific cases and are indicated by the
Ø (zero article)
 RULES FOR USING ARTICLES

• These categories of proper nouns do not require “the”

Categories Examples
People’s names John Locke
Cities and states Bangkok, Negri Sembilan
Singular names of countries Indonesia, Australia
Months/days May, Tuesday
Streets Pickering Street, Holland Road
Religious buildings St. Andrew’s Cathedral
Mountains Mount Fuji
Parks Hyde Park
Lakes Lake Victoria
 RULES FOR USING ARTICLES
• The proper nouns below require “the”.
Categories
Museums and galleries
Buildings
Highways
Seas and oceans
Rivers and deserts
Periods and events in history
Bridges
Countries with United, Union,
Kingdom, Republic
Island groups ending in (e)s
Examples
the Asian Civilization Museum
the University Cultural Centre
the Pan-Island Expressway
the South China Sea
the Mississippi, the Gobi desert
the Dark Ages
the Manhattan Bridge
the United States, the People’s
Republic of China
the Philippines
eg1471/jc/dec2008
RULES FOR USING ARTICLES

• Depend on generic or specific reference

Comment on the use of the articles in the sentences below.

A paper on global warming was presented at a conference.

The paper on global warming was presented at the conference.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
SPECIFIC REFERENCE

• Is recognizable by both the writer and the reader through

shared knowledge.

The sun rises in the east. (Fact)

The lab report should be submitted today. (Both the writer and the
reader know which lab report is being referred to.)

eg1471/jc/dec2008
SPECIFIC REFERENCE

• Is used after a general reference is made.

EG1471 students are required to write an essay in the

semester. The essay will be revised a few times.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
SPECIFIC REFERENCE

• Is used when the noun has been modified by an adjectival

phrase or clause.

The portfolios that students have to prepare consist of

different assignments.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
NONSPECIFIC AND GENERIC REFERENCES

• Happen when neither the writer nor the reader identify

the noun as something known, unique or familiar.

Ø University students receive Ø tuition grants for their

studies.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
NONSPECIFIC AND GENERIC REFERENCE

• Use a/an with a singular countable noun that is non-

specific.

An engineering textbook was left at the counter.

A lecturer gave the freshmen an overview of the course.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
USE OF A AND AN

• Depends on

eg1471/jc/dec2008
NONSPECIFIC AND GENERIC REFERENCE

• Do not use an article when a plural countable noun is non-

specific.

Ø Graduates are held in high esteem by Ø employers.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
NONSPECIFIC AND GENERIC REFERENCE

• Do not use an article when an uncountable noun is non-

specific.

The internet is a rich resource of Ø information.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
NONSPECIFIC AND GENERIC REFERENCE

• Do not use an article when a generalization is made

about an uncountable noun.

Ø Water is scarce in many countries.

Ø Oil is a finite resource.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
ABSTRACT GENERIC VS. CONCRETE
GENERIC
Abstract Generic: The Entire Class Concrete Generic: A Representative
Class

The wasp can detect unique volatile

compounds over great distances. A wasp can be trained to detect odors.

The laser has many uses in medicine.

A laser can be used by a surgeon to
make very clean cuts.
The computer has been invaluable in
scientific advancement.
Computers are playing a growing role
in all aspects of university life

Source: Swales & Feak (2009), 299.

eg1471/jc/dec2008
SUPERLATIVES, ORDINALS AND SOLE
REFERENCES

• The definite article “the” is always used with the above

categories.

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (superlative)

Statistics is the second most difficult subject. (ordinal)

The main (only/sole/chief) reason I do engineering is to

contribute to mankind. (sole reference)

eg1471/jc/dec2008
 Terima Kasih
Dra. Harisa Mardiana Soehanadi M. Pd