Mesezoic

Era
 EON ERA Period

Cretaceous
Phanerozoic Mesezoic
Jurassic

Triassic
 Mesozoic Era
Mesozoic means "middle
life", deriving from the
Greek prefix meso-
/μεσο- for "between"
and zōon/ζῷον meaning
"animal" or "living being".
3
Mesozoic Era is an
interval of geological
time from about 252 to
66 million years ago. It is
also called the Age of
Reptiles and Age of
Conifers
 Periods
Under
Mesozoic Era
 Triassic Period
The Triassic is a geologic period and system
which spans 50.6 million years from the end of
the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago, to
the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.3 Mya.
The Triassic is the first period of the Mesozoic
Era. Both the start and end of the period are
marked by major extinction events.

5
Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic
extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere
impoverished; it was well into the middle of the
Triassic before life recovered its former diversity.
Therapsids and archosaurs were the chief terrestrial
vertebrates during this time. A specialized
subgroup of archosaurs, called dinosaurs, first
appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become
dominant until the succeeding Jurassic Period.

6
The first true mammals, themselves a specialized
subgroup of therapsids, also evolved during this
period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the
pterosaurs, who, like the dinosaurs, were a
specialized subgroup of archosaurs. The vast
supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-
Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into
two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north
and Gondwana to the south.

7
The global climate during the Triassic was mostly
hot and dry, with deserts spanning much of
Pangaea's interior. However, the climate shifted
and became more humid as Pangaea began to
drift apart. The end of the period was marked by
yet another major mass extinction, the Triassic–
Jurassic extinction event, that wiped out many
groups and allowed dinosaurs to assume
dominance in the Jurassic.

8
FLORA
During Triassic
Period
Lycopodiophyta Cycadophyta

-These species -They

reproduce by typically
shedding have a stout
spores and and woody
have (ligneous)
macroscopic trunk with a
alternation of crown of
generations. large, hard
and stiff,
evergreen
leaves.
Flora life during Triassic Period
Ginkgoales Fern

-Ginkgophyte is a gymnosperm order -Ferns are not of major economic

containing only one extant species: importance, but some are used for food,
Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree medicine, as biofertilizer, as ornamental
plants and for remediating contaminated
soil.

Flora life during Triassic Period

Equisetum Glossopteridales

-Equisetum is a "living -is an extinct order of plants belonging to

fossil", the only living Pteridospermatophyta, or seed ferns, also
genus of the entire known as Arberiales and Ottokariales.
class Equisetopsida, They arose at the beginning of the
which for over 100 Permian (298.9 million years ago) on the
million years was southern continent of Gondwana, but
much more diverse became extinct before the end of the
and dominated the Permian period (251.902 million years
understory of late ago).
Paleozoic forests.
Some Equisetopsida
were large trees NO AVAILABLE PICTURE
reaching to 30
meters tall
Flora life during Triassic Period
Pinophyta (conifers) Bennettitales

-are a division of - have leaves

vascular land plants attached
containing a single adaxially
extant class, Pinopsida. (toward the
They are stem) with a
gymnosperms, cone- distinct midrib.
bearing seed plants. Veins stem
All extant conifers are from the
perennial woody midrib at an
plants with secondary approximately
growth. The great 90 degree
majority are trees, angle
though a few are
shrubs.
Flora life during Triassic Period
MARINE
FAUNA
During Triassic Period
Coral
-They typically live in compact colonies of
many identical individual polyps. Corals
species include the important reef
builders that inhabit tropical oceans and
secrete calcium carbonate to form a
hard skeleton.
Serpulidae
- In addition, serpulids secrete tubes
of calcium carbonate. Serpulids are
the most important biomineralizers
among annelid
Marine Fauna During Triassic Period
Microconchida

-The order Microconchida

is a group of small, spirally-
coiled, encrusting fossil
"worm" tubes from the
class Tentaculita found
from the Upper Ordovician
to the Middle Jurassic
around the world.
Marine Fauna During Triassic Period
Ammonoidea

- are an extinct group of marine

mollusc animals in the subclass
Ammonoidea of the class
Cephalopoda. These molluscs
are more closely related to living
coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid,
and cuttlefish) than they are to
shelled nautiloids such as the
living Nautilus species.

Marine Fauna During Triassic Period

Sauropterygia Neusticosaurus

-is an extinct, diverse taxon of aquatic -is an extinct genus of marine reptile,
reptiles that developed from terrestrial known as the swimming lizard
ancestors soon after the end-Permian
extinction and flourished during the Triassic
before all except for the Plesiosauria
became extinct at the end of that era

Marine Fauna During Triassic Period

Nothosaur Ichthyosaur

- Triassic -ichthyosaurs (Greek for "fish lizard" –

marine ιχθυς or ichthys meaning "fish" and
sauropterygia σαυρος or sauros meaning "lizard") are
n reptiles that large marine reptiles
may have
lived like seals
of today,
catching
food in water
but coming
ashore on
rocks and
beaches

Marine Fauna During Triassic Period

TERRESTRIAL
AND
FRESHWATER
FAUNA
During Triassic Period
Lungfish
-are best known for retaining characteristics
primitive within the Osteichthyes, including
the ability to breathe air, and structures
primitive within Sarcopterygii, including the
presence of lobed fins with a well-
developed internal skeleton.
Rhynchosaur
-Rhynchosaurs were herbivores, and at
times abundant (in some fossil localities
accounting for 40 to 60% of specimens
found), with stocky bodies and a
powerful beak
Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period
Cynodont ("dog teeth") Theropoda (“wild beast”)

-are therapsids that first appeared in the -are a dinosaur suborder

Late Permian (approximately 260 Ma). The characterized by hollow
group includes modern mammals (including bones and three-toed
humans) limbs.

Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period

Aetosaur Rauisuchia

- are an extinct order of heavily armoured, -had an erect gait with

medium- to large-sized Late Triassic their legs oriented
herbivorous archosaurs. They have small beneath the body rather
heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a than sprawling outward
body covered by plate-like scutes

Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period

Pterosaurs "winged lizard"

-They existed during most of the

Mesozoic: from the late Triassic to the
end of the Cretaceous (228 to 66
million years ago Pterosaurs are the
earliest vertebrates known to have
evolved powered flight. Their wings
were formed by a membrane of skin,
muscle, and other tissues stretching
from the ankles to a dramatically
lengthened fourth finger.
Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period
Postosuchus

-an apex predator of its time which preyed

on anything smaller than itself

Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period

Plateosaurus Tanystropheus Lystrosaurus
longobardicus

Coelophysis Proterosuchus

Terrestrial and freshwater fauna During Triassic Period

 Jurassic Period

The Jurassic from Jura Mountains) was

a geologic period and system that
spanned 56 million years from the end
of the Triassic Period 201.3 million
years ago, to the beginning of the
Cretaceous Period 145 Mya.

27
The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the
Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.
The start of the period was marked by the major
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. Two other
extinction events occurred during the period: the
Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction in the Early
Jurassic, and the Tithonian event at the end,
however, neither event ranks among the "Big Five"
mass extinctions.

28
On land, the fauna transitioned from the Triassic
fauna, dominated by both dinosauromorph and
crocodylomorph archosaurs, to one dominated by
dinosaurs alone. The first birds also appeared
during the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch
of theropod dinosaurs. Other major events include
the appearance of the earliest lizards, and the
evolution of therian mammals, including primitive
placentals. Crocodilians made the transition from
a terrestrial to an aquatic mode of life.
29
The oceans were inhabited by marine reptiles such
as ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, while pterosaurs
were the dominant flying vertebrates

30
 MARINE
FAUNA
During Jurassic Period
Ichthyosaur

-ichthyosaurs (Greek for

"fish lizard" ichthys
meaning "fish" and
sauros meaning "lizard")
are large marine reptiles

Marine Fauna During JurassicPeriod

Plesiosauria

-They became especially common during

the Jurassic Period, thriving until their
disappearance due to the Cretaceous–
Paleogene extinction event at the end of
the Cretaceous Period, about 66 million
years ago. They had a worldwide oceanic
distribution.

Marine Fauna During Jurassic Period

 Crocoile Pliosauroidea Teleosauridae

Metriorhynchidae Turtle Rudists

Marine Fauna During Jurassic Period

 Sabellidae

Belemnitida

Glomerula
Marine Fauna During Jurassic Period
Bioerosion

Ichnotaxon
Marine Fauna During Jurassic Period
TERRESTRIAL
FAUNA
During Jurassic Period
 Allosaurus Stegosaurus Archaeopteryx

Aurornis xui Allosaurus

Terrestrial Fauna During Jurassic Period
 Lissamphibia

Apatosaurus
Rhynchocephalia

Tritylodontidae
Terrestrial Fauna During Jurassic Period
 FLORA
During Jurassic Period
Araucariaceae Cephalotaxaceae
Pinaceae
Flora During Jurassic Period
Taxaceae Podocarpaceae Dicksoniaceae

Flora During Jurassic Period

 Coralline algae

Ginkgo

Tree fern
Flora During Jurassic Period
 Cretaceous Period

The Cretaceous from s a geologic period and

system that spans 79 million years from the end
of the Jurassic Period 145 million years ago
(mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene
Period 66 mya. It is the last period of the
Mesozoic Era, and the longest period of the
Phanerozoic Eon.

44
The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively
warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea
levels that created numerous shallow inland
seas. These oceans and seas were populated
with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites
and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to
dominate on land. During this time, new
groups of mammals and birds, as well as
flowering plants, appeared.

45
 The Cretaceous (along with the Mesozoic)
ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene
extinction event, a large mass extinction in
which many groups, including non-avian
dinosaurs, pterosaurs and large marine reptiles
died out.

46
47
The high sea level and warm climate of the Cretaceous meant large areas
of the continents were covered by warm, shallow seas, providing habitat for
many marine organisms. The Cretaceous was named for the extensive
chalk deposits of this age in Europe, but in many parts of the world, the
deposits from the Cretaceous are of marine limestone, a rock type that is
formed under warm, shallow marine circumstances. Due to the high sea
level, there was extensive space for such sedimentation. Because of the
relatively young age and great thickness of the system, Cretaceous rocks
are evident in many areas worldwide.

Chalk is a rock type characteristic for (but not restricted to) the Cretaceous.
It consists of coccoliths, microscopically small calcite skeletons of
coccolithophores, a type of algae that prospered in the Cretaceous seas.

48
During the Cretaceous, the late-Paleozoic-to-early-Mesozoic supercontinent
of Pangaea completed its tectonic breakup into the present-day continents,
although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the
Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin mountain building
(orogenies) that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North
American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier
and Laramide orogenies.

49
 The cooling trend of the last epoch of the Jurassic
continued into the first age of the Cretaceous.
Clima e There is evidence that snowfalls were common in
the higher latitudes and the tropics became
wetter than during the Triassic and Jurassic.
Glaciation was however restricted to high-latitude
mountains, though seasonal snow may have
existed farther from the poles. Rafting by ice of
stones into marine environments occurred during
much of the Cretaceous but evidence of
deposition directly from glaciers is limited to the
Early Cretaceous of the Eromanga Basin in
southern Australia.

50
After the end of the first age, however,
temperatures increased again, and these
conditions were almost constant until the end of
the period.[16] The warming may have been due
to intense volcanic activity which produced large
quantities of carbon dioxide. Between 70–69 Ma
and 66–65 Ma, isotopic ratios indicate elevated
atmospheric CO2 pressures with levels of 1000–
1400 ppmV and mean annual temperatures in
west Texas between 21 and 23 °C (70-73 °F).
51
Atmospheric CO2 and temperature relations indicate a
doubling of pCO2 was accompanied by a ~0.6 °C increase
in temperature. The production of large quantities of
magma, variously attributed to mantle plumes or to
extensional tectonics, further pushed sea levels up, so that
large areas of the continental crust were covered with
shallow seas. The Tethys Sea connecting the tropical
oceans east to west also helped to warm the global
climate. Warm-adapted plant fossils are known from
localities as far north as Alaska and Greenland, while
dinosaur fossils have been found within 15 degrees of the
Cretaceous south pole.

52
 “
Quick Facts About Mesozoic Era

It begins with a great extinction

and that leads to the
domination of dinosaur in the
planet.

It is when the continents drift

apart from each other

The era ends with a great

extinction when an asteroid lands
in the gulf of Mexico

It was when the first mamas

appear

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