BAGIAN1 - PTI Kerangka Dasar Disiplin TI

Jurusan Teknik Industri
Kuliah : Benny Ch. N.
Conceptual Framework of
Industrial Engineering
oleh
Benny Ch. N
Sasaran
Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik
yang terkait dengan:
• Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan dan
profesi
• Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan
keahlian
Kurikulum Teknik Industri 2

Materi
• Conceptual Framework of IE
• Evolution & Development of IE

Engineering
Industrial
Science Engineering
Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated System

Phenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/Uncertainty
Output : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value Added
Performance : Truth Benefit Efficiency
Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual
Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem
Profession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer

Science
Prime objective: increase knowledge of
natural system
Research
(Scientific Method)
• Formulate Hypothesis
• Execute Experiment
• Analyze Result
• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)
• Publish the New Knowledge
Basic Knowledge And Tool

• Basic knowledge
» Logic
» Creativity
• Tool
» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process
» Scientific Research

Engineering
Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and
develops usable devices, structure and processes
for better human life
Design Process
Identification of Need
Problem Definition
Search
Constraint
Criteria
Alternative Solution
Analysis
Decision
Specification
Communication

Basic Knowledge And Tool

• Basic knowledge
» Mathematics
» Natural Sciences
• Tool
» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process
» Applied Research
» Design

Basic Engineering Process

Symptom/Need Problem (Incl.Outcome)
Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation)
Synthesis of Alt.Solution
Decision ( Best Altv.)
Solution, System or
Method
Characteristic Of Engineer
• Solve Problem
• Analyze
• Design System
– Creativity
– Analysis
– Synthesis
Engineering Function
• Research
• Development
• Design
• Production &Testing
• Construction
• Operation

Engineering Era
Early Modern
Era : Before 1750 - After 1750
Knowledge : -Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics &
-Physics Physics
* Chemical
* Molecular
* Social Sciences
Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System
* Life System
Abstract
Early Engineering Era
• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)

• Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC)
• Greek Engineering (500 BC)
• Roman Engineering (320 BC)
• Oriental Engineering
• European Engineering

Modern Engineering Era
Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering

• Civil . Nuclear
• Mechanical . Computer
• Electrical . Bioengineering
• Chemical . Environmental
• Industrial Engineering . Etc.

Big 5 Disciplines
• Military Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine
• Electrical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Electrical Science
Telegraph: Samuel Morse
Carbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison
• Chemical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material
• Industrial Engineering
Mathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System

Why IE Was Born ?
• As a Result of Industrial Revolution

• Need for Technically Trained People
Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage
the Operations of Large Complex System
• Need to Increase Productivity and
Efficiency of Operation System

Pioneers Of IE
• Adam SMITH
• Charles BABBAGE
• Eli WHITNEY
• Henry TOWNE
• Frederick W TAYLOR
• Frank B GILBERTH
• Lillian GILBERTH

Adam SMITH
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Specialization of Labor
– Division of the task in pin making into 4
separate operations increased output by a
factor of almost 5
– 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day

Charles BABBAGE
On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)
– motion and time study

– division of labor
• Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)
• Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:
– involve 7 distinct operations
– measured the cost and time of performing each operation
Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children

• Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods
or reduce the operation time

Henry TOWNE
The Engineer As Economist (1886)
Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned

With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions

Frederick Winslow TAYLOR

(1856-1915)
FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth
• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work
• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company
• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting
• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting
• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”
• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”

Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,

which replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop
the workman, whereas previously he chose his own
work methods and trained himself as best as he could
3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that
all of the work being done is in accordance with the
principles of the science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the
responsibility between management and the
workmen. The management takes over all work for
which they are better fitted than the workman.

Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Logic Statistics Quality &
Reliability
Operation Research
Electrical
Mathematics Physics Computer & Inf.Sci
Engineering
Control Theory
Civil Mechanical Early Industrial Industrial

Engineering
Engineering Engineering (Scientific
Engineering
Management)
Psychology and Productivity
Military Sociology Science
Engineering Ergonomics
Early Management
Philosophy
Economics
Manufacturing
Engineering
Chemical Physiology
Chemistry
Engineering
Industrial Engineering ?
Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design,
Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of
People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It
Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the
Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together With
the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and
Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to Be
Obtained From Such System
Object Knowledge Skill Job

Object
Integrated System
People/Man
+
Material + Equipment + Information + Energy

Schematic Representation of Integrated System

Environment
Boundary
Man Machine
Input Out-put
Mat
Feed-back : Interaction

Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research

- Curiosity - Need/Problem
- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method
- Neutral - Purposive
- Public Domain - Private Domain
Discovery Invention

Knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Social Sciences

Skill
• Method of Engineering Analysis
• Design

Job
• Design
• Installation
• Improvement

Performance
Efficiency
Effective + Min Cost
Objective
Achievement/Actual

Contextual
2+2=?

What Design IE Do ?
Integrated System
Industrial System
(Manufacturing System)
Human Activity Management Control

System System
What Does IE Do ?
Production Management Corporate

Operations System Services
* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning
* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures
* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement
* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis
* Production Planning & Control

Evolution and Development of

Dicipline

Chronology Of Development In The

Evolution Of IE
Macro View
Micro View
Industrial & System
Operation Research Engineering
Scientific Management
Interchangeable Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIM

Accounting Part Studi Work SQC work zation mation
1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000
Industrial World Depres World Space High Globalization
Revolution War I sion War II Age Technology

Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Logic Statistics Quality &
Reliability
Operation Research
Electrical
Mathematics Physics Computer & Inf.Sci
Engineering
Control Theory
Civil Mechanical Early Industrial Industrial

Engineering
Engineering Engineering (Scientific
Engineering
Management)
Psychology and Productivity
Military Sociology Science
Engineering Ergonomics
Early Management
Philosophy
Economics
Manufacturing
Engineering
Chemical Physiology
Chemistry
Engineering
IE Thought
Scientific Adm & Behavior Management Systemic &

Management Management Science Integrated
Man-Machine Human and Optimization Integrated

System Organization and Modeling System
End of 18 End of 18 Beginning of Mid of 20

Century Century 20 Century Century
Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri

Obyek Komponen Keilmuan Kinerja
Work Man, Machine Ergonomy Productivity
Station Material Eng. Economy Efficiency
Psychology
Manufactur Man, Machine Inventory, PPC QCD
Material Quality Control
Lay out, OR &
Modeling
Company Labor, Facility Management ROI, IRR,
Material Leadership ROE
Behavior Science
Industrial Labor, Material Policy Quality
System Infrastructure Systemic Approach Welfare
Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950

– TOKOH-TOKOH:
• Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity
• Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja
• Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management
• Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study
• Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management
– ORGANISASI:
• Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912), The Taylor
Society (1915), Society of Industrial Engineers (1917).
– KONSEP-KONSEP:
• Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk produktivitas
• Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian kerja
• Principles of Scietific Management
• Human Factors: micro-motion economy
• Principle of Management

Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970

• AIIE : American Institute of Industrial
Engineers (1948)
– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
• Teknik tata Cara
• Pengukuran Kerja
• Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Beaya,
Anggaran
• Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan,
analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan
• Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan dan
peremajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas,
peralatan.
– SARANA:
• Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri

Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990
• AIIE menjadi IIE

– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
– Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, Industri
Elektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan,
Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas
– Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan
Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja
dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara.
– Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan
dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, Penelitian
Operasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan,
Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan.

Perkembangan Sejak 1990

• TOPIK-TOPIK BARU:
• CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• DSS : Decision Support System
• JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning
• Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi, Penelitian
Operasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb.
• Knowledge-based Management, dll.
• TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG:
• Ergonomi, dsb.
• DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER
DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21

• SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGI
INFORMASI:
• Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi
• Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen
• Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik
– PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI:
• Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal maya
• Internet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance learning &
services
– KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN:
• Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan,
Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech,
Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten.
– PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN:
• Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali
Informasi

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Jurusan Teknik Industri

Kuliah : Benny Ch. N.

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 2

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 3

Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated System

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 4

Basic Knowledge And Tool

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 6

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 7

Basic Knowledge And Tool

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 8

Basic Engineering Process

Decision ( Best Altv.)

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 11

Early Engineering Era

• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 13

Modern Engineering Era

Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 14

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 15

Why IE Was Born ?

• As a Result of Industrial Revolution

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 16

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 17

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 18

– motion and time study

Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 19

Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 20

Frederick Winslow TAYLOR

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 21

Principle of Scientific Management

1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 22

Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Civil Mechanical Early Industrial Industrial

Object Knowledge Skill Job

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 24

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 25

Schematic Representation of Integrated System

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 26

Basic Research Applied Research

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 27

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 28

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 29

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 30

Effective + Min Cost

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 31

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 32

Human Activity Management Control

Production Management Corporate

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 34

Evolution and Development of

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 35

Chronology Of Development In The

Interchangeable Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIM

Kurikulum Teknik Industri 36

Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Civil Mechanical Early Industrial Industrial

Scientific Adm & Behavior Management Systemic &

Man-Machine Human and Optimization Integrated