Lessons from the life of

Haggai, Zechariah & Malachi

College and Beyond
OLD TESTAMENT OVERVIEW AND
HISTORY
 THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS
THE LAW (5) HISTORY (12) POETRY & THE MAJOR THE MINOR
Genesis Joshua WISDOM (5) PROPHETS (5) PROPHETS (12)
Exodus Judges Job Isaiah Hosea
Leviticus Ruth Psalms Jeremiah Joel
Numbers 1 Samuel Proverbs Lamentations Amos
Deuteronomy 2 Samuel Ecclesiastes Ezekiel Obadiah
1 Kings Song of Daniel Jonah
2 Kings Songs Micah
1 Chronicles Nahum
2 Chronicles Habakkuk
Ezra Zephaniah
Nehemiah Haggai
Esther Zechariah
Malachi
Chronology of the History Books

JOSHUA 1406-1380 BC
JUDGES 1380-1050
RUTH 1200-1150
1 SAMUEL 1100-1010
2 SAMUEL 1010-971
1 KINGS 971-853
2 KINGS 853-560
1 CHRONICLES 1010-971
2 CHRONICLES 971-539
EZRA 539-450
NEHEMIAH 445-410
ESTHER 483-474
Chronology of the Persian Period
PERSIAN KING DATES BIBLICAL CORRELATION
CYRUS 539-530 Return of Zerubbabel and
Jeshua (Ezra 1-3)
CAMBYSES 530-522 Rebuilding at Jerusalem
stopped (Ezra 4)
DARIUS I 522-486 Haggai and Zechariah
prophesy (520)
Temple Completed (516)
(Ezra 5-6)
XERXES 486-464 Story of Esther (Esther 1-9)
ARTAXERXES I 464-423 Return of Ezra (458)
(Ezra 7-10)
Return of Nehemiah (445)
(Nehemiah (1-2)
Prophecy of Malachi (433)
 THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS
THE LAW (5) HISTORY (12) POETRY & THE MAJOR THE MINOR
Genesis Joshua WISDOM (5) PROPHETS (5) PROPHETS (12)
Exodus Judges Job Isaiah Hosea
Leviticus Ruth Psalms Jeremiah Joel
Numbers 1 Samuel Proverbs Lamentations Amos
Deuteronomy 2 Samuel Ecclesiastes Ezekiel Obadiah
1 Kings Song of Daniel Jonah
2 Kings Songs Micah
1 Chronicles Nahum
2 Chronicles Habakkuk
Ezra Zephaniah
Nehemiah Haggai
Esther Zechariah
Malachi
 Chronology of the Prophets
TO ISRAEL TO JUDAH TO FOREIGN NATION

ASSYRIAN AGE Amos ca. 760 Isaiah ca. 740-700 Jonah ca. 770
Hosea ca. 760-730 Micah ca. 737-690

BABYLONIAN AGE Habakkuk ca. 630

Zephaniah ca. 627
Jeremiah ca. 627-580 Nahum ca. 650
Daniel ca. 605-530
Ezekiel ca. 593-570
PERSIAN AGE Haggai ca. 520
Zechariah ca. 520-
518 Obadiah ca. 500
Joel ca. 500
Malachi ca. 433
Chronology of the Persian Period
PERSIAN KING DATES BIBLICAL CORRELATION
CYRUS 539-530 Return of Zerubbabel and
Jeshua (Ezra 1-3)
CAMBYSES 530-522 Rebuilding at Jerusalem
stopped (Ezra 4)
DARIUS I 522-486 Haggai and Zechariah
prophesy (520)
Temple Completed (516)
(Ezra 5-6)
XERXES 486-464 Story of Esther (Esther 1-9)
ARTAXERXES I 464-423 Return of Ezra (458)
(Ezra 7-10)
Return of Nehemiah (445)
(Nehemiah (1-2)
Prophecy of Malachi (433)
 CYRUS CAMBYSES DARIUS XERXES ARTAXERXES
539-530 530-522 522-486 486-464 464-424

605 Nebuchadnezzar
Ransacks 539
Jeruselum Return of 433
Zerubbabel Prophecy
& Jeshua of Malachi
520 Work on Temple resumed by
Zerubbabel & Joshua, encouraged by 486-464 458
586 2nd Haggai & Zechariah; Haggai & Zechariah Story of Return
538
Deportation, Prophesy Esther of Ezra
Temple
Nebuchadnezzarr
project
burns Temple
begun
to ground

600 500 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 460

582
3rd 536 Work 516 445
Deportation on Temple Return of
Temple Completed Nehemiah
stopped

597 Nebuchad.
attacks Jeruselum;
clears Temple,
takes everything;
1st Deportation

Ezra Ezra 4:6 Ezra 4:7-23

Ezra 5-6
1-4:5,24 False accusations files Ezra 7-10
HAGGAI
 Haggai Outline
I. Appeal to rebuild the Temple 1:1-15
A. The summons 1:1-11
B. The beginning of work 1:12-15
II. The glory of the temple 2:1-9
III. Promise and Prediction 2:10-19
A. Holiness and uncleanness 2:10-14
B. A Promise for better times 2:15-19
IV. A Messianic oracle about Zerubbabel 2:20-23
 Ezra 5:1-2
When the prophets, Haggai the prophet and
Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews who
were in Judah and Jerusalem, in the name of the God
of Israel, who was over them, 2 then Zerubbabel the
son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak arose
and began to rebuild the house of God which is in
Jerusalem; and the prophets of God were with them
supporting them.
 539 BC 516 BC 458 BC 444 BC

Babylon Temple Return Return

Falls & Completed under Ezra under
Jews in the 4th Nehemiah
allowed to Year of
return to Artaxerxes I
the Land Haggai

Zechariah

Cambyses

Darius
Cyrus Xerxes Artaxerxes I
Hystaspes
KINGS OF PERSIA
 Outline
1:1-15 2:1-9 2:10-19 2:20-23
Second
First Sermon Third Sermon
Sermon
People’s Work
God’s Work Prominent Closing words
Prominent
to Zerubbabel
Question: Question: Question:
Twofold Twofold Twofold
Response: Response: Response:
People reluctant to People People unfit to Zerubbabel
restore covenant unconvinced take part in as symbol of
fellowship of restoration restoration the people
possibilities
Charge to begin
Encouragement to Finish
Building
First Sermon 1:1-15
Question: Twofold Response:
Is it time for you to The people They came and
dwell in paneled showed worked on the
homes while the reverence for house of the
House of the Lord is the Lord. LORD of hosts,
desolate? their God
 “Consider your ways…”
• The people had a problem with priorities: Is it time for
you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses while
this house lies desolate? (1:4).
• The people were experiencing a dissatisfaction: You
have sown much, but harvest little; you eat, but there is
not enough to be satisfied; you drink, but there is not
enough to become drunk; you put on clothing, but no
one is warm enough; and he who earns, earns wages to
put into a purse with holes (1:6).
 “Consider your ways…”
• The people were more concerned with their own
comforts than with the glory of the Lord: “Go up to
the mountains, bring wood and rebuild the temple, that
I may be pleased with it and be glorified,” says the LORD
(1:8).
Second Sermon 2:1-9
Question: Twofold Response:
How does this The nations will The latter glory of
Temple compare come and I will this House will be
with the Former fill this House greater than the
Temple? with glory former
 Encouragement
• Encouraged by the Presence of God: “But now take
courage, Zerubbabel,” declares the LORD, “take
courage also, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high
priest, and all you people of the land take courage,”
declares the LORD, “and work; for I am with you,”
says the LORD of hosts. 5 As for the promise which I
made you when you came out of Egypt, My Spirit is
abiding in your midst; do not fear! (2:4-5).
 Encouragement
• Encouraged by the Power of God: For thus says the
LORD of hosts, 'Once more in a little while, I am going
to shake the heavens and the earth, the sea also and
the dry land. 7 And I will shake all the nations (2:6-
7).
 Encouragement
• Encouraged by the Possessions of God: “And I will
shake all the nations; and they will come with the
wealth of all nations; and I will fill this house with
glory,” says the LORD of hosts. 8 The silver is Mine,
and the gold is Mine,” declares the LORD of hosts
(2:7-8).
• Encouraged by the Peace of God: “The latter glory
of this house will be greater than the former,” says
the LORD of hosts, “and in this place I shall give
peace,” declares the LORD of hosts (2:9).
ZECHARIAH
1:1 Four Horsemen
1:18 Horns and Smiths: Judgment
2:1 Measuring Line: Flee Babylon
3:1 Eight Joshua the High Priest
4:1 Visions Zerubbabel & the Lampstand
5:1 Flying Scroll: Judgment
5:5 Woman and Basket: Shinar
6:1 Four Chariots
7:1 Two A Call for True Justice
8:1 Sermons A Promise of Future Restoration
9:1 Two Judgment on Enemies of Israel
12:1 Burdens The Coming of the Lord
 Zechariah
Four horsemen/chariots (1 &
6)
Man with a measuring line
measures Jerusalem (2:1-2)
Picture of Satan ready to
accuse Joshua the high priest
(3:1)
Lampstand and two olive trees
said to represent the two
anointed ones (4:1-14)
Flying scroll signifies the curse
that is going over the land (5:1-
3)
Revelation
Four horsemen (6)
Man with a rod measures the
Temple Mount (11:1-2)
Satan described as accusing
the brethren (12:10)
Lampstand and two olive trees
said to represent the two
witnesses (11:3-12)
Seals of the book bring forth
judgments upon the land (6:1-
17).
 Zechariah 1 Zechariah 6 Revelation 6
Four horsemen Four chariots Four horsemen
• Red • Red • White
• Red • White • Red
• Sorrel • Black • Black
• White • Dappled • Ashen (Green)
Sent out by God Four spirits of Called by the four
to patrol the earth heaven going out to living creatures
patrol the earth around the throne
 Zechariah 1:1-4
In the eighth month of the second year of Darius,
the word of the LORD came to Zechariah the
prophet, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo
saying, 2 "The LORD was very angry with your
fathers. Therefore say to them, 'Thus says the
LORD of hosts, "Return to Me," declares the LORD
of hosts, "that I may return to you," says the LORD
of hosts. 4 Do not be like your fathers, to whom the
former prophets proclaimed, saying, 'Thus says the
LORD of hosts, "Return now from your evil ways
and from your evil deeds."' But they did not listen
or give heed to Me," declares the LORD.
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord wants people to come to him. “Thus
says the LORD of hosts:
Return to me, says the LORD of hosts, and I will
return to you, says the LORD of hosts”(1:3). The
fact that God was pleading with these people
shows us that he wants people to come to him.
The Lord is not a cruel God who wants people to be
lost, but he wants people to be saved. Peter said,
“[The Lord is] not wanting any to perish, but all to
come to repentance” (2 Pet. 3:9).
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord removes guilt.
“I will remove the guilt of this land in a single
day” (3:9). “On that day a fountain shall be
opened for the house of David and the inhabitants
of Jerusalem, to cleanse them from sin and
impurity” (13:1). Not only does God want people
to be saved, but he is able to do something about
it. God can remove guilt. All one must do is turn to
God in faith and obedience and his guilt will be
removed.
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord does not hear the prayers of the
rebellious.
“Just as, when I called, they would not hear, so,
when they called, I would not hear, says the LORD
of hosts”(7:13). These people would not listen to
the Word of God; therefore, God would not listen
to their words. They called out to God, but
because they were rebellious God would not honor
their prayers. This does not mean that God could
not hear their prayers; it means that he would not
honor their prayers; he would not answer them.
God does not hear the prayers of those living in
rebellion.
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord does what he has promised.
“Thus says the LORD of hosts: Just as I purposed to
bring disaster upon you, when you ancestors
provoked me to wrath, and I did not relent, says
the LORD of hosts, so again I have purposed in
these days to do good to Jerusalem and to the
house of Judah; do not be afraid” (8:14-15). God
promised to bring disaster, and he did so. He
planned to do good in Jerusalem, and he did so.
God still does what he has promised. God
promised to save those who obey, and he will. God
promised to destroy the world with fire, and he
will. God keeps his promises.
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord protects his people.
“The LORD of hosts will protect them, and they
shall devour and tread down the slingers; they
shall drink their blood like wine, and be full like a
bowl, drenched like the corners of the altar” (9:15).
When oppressors came, God would stand with his
people and protect them. The oppressors could
not prevail, for God was with his people. Today,
God still protects his people. We cannot be
tempted beyond our ability (1 Cor. 10:13). The
Lord’s enemies cannot win (Rev. 17:14).
 Zechariah Lessons
The Lord hates false teaching.
“If any prophets appear again, their fathers and
mothers who bore them will say to them, ‘You shall
not live, for you speak lies in the name of the
LORD’; and their fathers and their mothers who
bore them shall pierce them through when they
prophesy” (13:3). Here God shows the fate of false
prophets--their parents would kill them. God does
not wink at the teaching of those who lead his
people astray. God hates false teaching. We need
to understand that God hates false teaching today.
 Zechariah 6:12-13
"Then say to him, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts,
"Behold, a man whose name is Branch, for He
will branch out from where He is; and He will
build the temple of the LORD. 13 Yes, it is He who
will build the temple of the LORD, and He who
will bear the honor and sit and rule on His
throne. Thus, He will be a priest on His throne,
and the counsel of peace will be between the
two offices."'
 Fulfilled in Jesus
• His name is Branch
• He will “branch out” (6:12)
• He will build the Temple (6:13)
• He will rule (6:13)
• He will be both priest and king (6:13).
• Those who are far off will come and build
the Temple (6:15)
 Messianic Prophecies
• The Triumphal Entry: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of
Zion! Shout in triumph, O daughter of Jerusalem!
Behold, your king is coming to you; He is just and
endowed with salvation, Humble, and mounted on a
donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey
(Zechariah 9:9).
 Messianic Prophecies
• Silver and the Potter's House: And I said to them, "If
it is good in your sight, give me my wages; but if not,
never mind!" So they weighed out thirty shekels of
silver as my wages. 13 Then the LORD said to me,
"Throw it to the potter, that magnificent price at
which I was valued by them." So I took the thirty
shekels of silver and threw them to the potter in the
house of the LORD (Zechariah 11:12-13).
 Messianic Prophecies
• The One who was Pierced: And I will pour out on the
house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem,
the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they
will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they
will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son,
and they will weep bitterly over Him, like the bitter
weeping over a first-born (Zechariah 12:10).
 Messianic Prophecies
• The Striking of the Shepherd: "Awake, O sword,
against My Shepherd, And against the man, My
Associate," Declares the LORD of hosts. "Strike the
Shepherd that the sheep may be scattered; And I will
turn My hand against the little ones." (Zechariah
13:7).
 Zechariah Conclusion

• Zechariah says much about God, his nature,

and what he expects from his people.
MALACHI
 Outline
• God's love for Israel and her unfaithful
response (1-2)
• The Day of the Lord and the purging of
Israel (3-4)
1:1 God says: “I have People answer: “How God has blessed Israel
loved you” have you loved us?” above other nations
1:6 God says: “If I am a People answer: “How The people have not
father, where is my have we despised your offered their best to the
honor?” name?” Lord
2:10 People ask: “If we are brothers, why do we The people have
deal treacherously with one another?” defrauded one another,
especially in the area of
divorce
2:17 God says: “You People answer: “How The people have asked
have wearied the have we wearied for justice, but have not
Lord with your Him?” acted justly.
words”
3:1 Promise of a Coming Messenger.
3:6 God says: “Return People answer: “How The people are to bring
to Me and I will shall we return?” the whole tithe into the
return to you” storehouse
3:13 God says: “Your People answer: “What They have taken the
words have been have we spoken attitude that it is vain to
arrogant against against you?” serve the Lord
Me”
3:16 Epilogue: Promise of Coming Judgment and Restoration
 Malachi 2:16
The book of Malachi asks God seven
questions. Those questions are:
(1) “How has thou loved us?” (1:2);
(2) “How have we despised thy name?” (1:6);
(3) “How have we polluted it [the altar]?” (1:7);
(4) “How have we wearied him?” (2:17);
(5) “How shall we return?” (3:7);
(6) “How are we robbing thee?” (318);
(7) “How have we spoken against thee?” (3:13).
 Malachi 2:16
The book of Malachi also has several important
lessons for modern man:
1. God will destroy the wicked (1:4).
2. God deserves honor (1:6).
3. God doesn’t approve of vain worship (1:6-7).
4. God would rather we not worship than worship
improperly (1:10).
5. God’s name is great (1:11).
 Malachi 2:16
6. God only accepts our best worship (1:14)
7. God created man (2:10)
8. God expects men to be faithful to their wives
(2:14)
9. God hates divorce (2:16).
10. God prepares his paths (3:1).
 Malachi 2:16
11. God’s judgment will be swift (3:5).
12. God does not change (3:6)
13. God expects people to give generously (3:8).
14. God blesses those who give generously (3:10)
15. God will spare from wrath those who serve
him (3:17).
16. God will punish the arrogant and all evildoers
(4:1).
Questions