SOUND

SOUND
• Is a longitudinal wave that is created by
vibrating objects.
• It is mechanical wave.
• It cannot travel in a vacuum.
• Sounds that we hear everyday may
be classified as noise or musical
tone. Musical tone produced regular
vibration; noise by irregular
vibration.

Musical Tone Noise

PROPAGATION OF SOUND
• The source of sound is any vibrating object, example:
– vocal chords in the larynx- produces human voice,
same as of frogs, dogs, cats, and almost all
mammals.
– Elephants modify the sound of their nostrils as air
passes though their trunks.
– Other animals produce sound when their body parts
get in contact.
• Musical sounds can be made by tapping
(percussion instrument), plucking (stringed
instruments) or blowing air (wind and brass
instruments) across an object or instrument.
WAVE
• Is a disturbance that travels through a
medium or a vacuum and carries energy.
A single, unrepeated disturbance is called
a wave pulse. A succession of periodic
disturbances is called a wave train.
PROPERTIES OF
WAVE
A WAVE CAN BE DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF FREQUENCY,
PERIOD, WAVELENGTH, VELOCITY, AND AMPLITUDE.
FREQUENCY ( f )
• Is the number of waves it produces per
unit time.
• It also refers to how often the particles of
the medium vibrate when a wave passes
through it.
• Its SI unit is the Hertz (Hz)
PERIOD ( T )
• Is the time taken for one complete cycle
of the wave to pass a reference point.
• It is a measure of time.
• Expressed in units of time.
• Usually in seconds (s)
WAVELENGTH ( λ )
• Is the distance between any two
successive points in a wave that are in
phase with each other.
• Expressed using units of length (distance)
SPEED ( v )
• Is the distance traveled by a wave per unit
time.
• The speed of the wave may be obtained if
its frequency and wavelength are known.
AMPLITUDE ( A )
• Refers to the maximum amount of
displacement of a particles on the
medium from its rest position.
• The greater the amplitude the greater the
energy carried by the wave.
CLASSIFICATION
OF WAVE
WAVES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR NATURE AND
ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF VIBRATIONS OF THE PARTICLES
OF THE MEDIUM RELATIVE TO THE DIRECTION OF WAVE
PROPAGATION.
TRANSVERSE WAVE
• Is one in which the particles of the
medium are vibrating perpendicularly to
the direction of wave propagation.
• Are made of altering hills and valleys.
• Created through an up and down motion.
TRANSVERSE WAVE
CREST- top of the hill or the upper tip part
of the transverse wave.
TROUGH- bottom of the valley or it is the
lowest point of a transverse wave.
CREST

TROUGH
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
• Is one in which the particles of the
medium vibrated parallel to the direction
of the wave propagation.
• Particles move in a back and forth motion.
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
COMPRESSION- the close together part of
the wave(particles of the medium are
closer together)
RAREFACTION- the particles are apart.
 COMPRESSION

RAREFACTION