Guide questions:

1. What is logic?
2. What are the
branches of logic?
3. Why is logic
important for life?
What is
logic?
 Logic
• Etymologically, it came
from the Greek word
“logos” which means
“study, reason or
discourse”.
• It is concerned with the
methods and rules for
correct thinking.
 • The science and art of
Logic correct reasoning.
• It is a science because it is a
systematized body of logical
truths and principles
governing correct thinking
• As an art, logic is a “techne”
and it teaches how to make a
good argument.
• It is “correct” when it
conforms to pattern or to
rules.
• A ruler is 12-inch long,
President GMA is a ruler,
therefore President GMA is
12-inch
 Thinking
• A mental process, it
involves analysis,
definition, classification,
comparison, and
contrasts, etc.
• It guides or directs man
to form correct ideas.
 Branches of logic
• Formal logic
• Concerned with the aspect of form
which has something to do with
the correctness or sequence or the
following of rules
• All men are mortal but Pedro is a
man, therefore Pedro is mortal.
• Material logic
• Concerned with the aspect of
subject matter or content or truth
of the argument
• A ruler is 12-inch long, President GMA
is a ruler, therefore President GMA is
12-inch
 Logic is important for many reasons. Here are
a few:
• Recognizing valid and invalid argument forms
• Solving problems
• Distinguishing between the form and content of arguments
• Understanding the antecedents and consequents of your own
assumptions and the claims of others
• Following or constructing patterns of deductive reasoning
• Recognizing ambiguity in your own communication and that of
others
• Determining what conditions satisfy a set of rules or constraints
• Critical thinking
• Testing and proving scientific hypothesis
 Activity
•Charade