Is used to report a statement that someone has

said.
1. Direct statement sentence
 kalimat pernyataan yang diucapkan langsung dari si
pembicara.
 Direct statement sentence is always marked by
quotation mark (“...”)
Example:
Susan said, “I am reading the book now.”
2. Indirect statement sentence
 Kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan
pernyataan yang dikatakan seseorang.
 Indirect statement sentence is written by using
conjunction “that”. It is not marked by quotation mark.
Example:
Susan said that she was reading the book then.
1. Omit the quotation mark (“….”) and commas (,)
2. Add the conjunction “that”
examples:
 Bob said to me, “I will give you an idea.” (Direct)
Bob said to me that he will give me an idea. (Indirect)

 John told Anna, I buy new car. (Direct)

John told Anna that he bought new car. (Indirect)
3. Changing of tenses
No Direct Indirect
1. V1 / Vs V2
2. V2 Had V3
3. Is/am/are Was/were
4. Was/were Had been
5. Do/does Did
6. Did Had + V3
7. Is/am/are + Ving Was/were + Ving
8 Was/were + Ving Had been + Ving
9. Have/has + V3 Had + V3
10. Will/may/shall/can Would/might/should/could
11. Would/should/could/might Would/should/could/might
12. Must/have to/has to Had to
 He said, “I am ill.” (Direct)
He said that he was ill. (Indirect)

 She said, “I have written the letter.” (Direct)

She said that she had written the letter. (Indirect)

 She told me, “I am reading book.” (Direct)

She told me that she was reading book. (Indirect)
4. Changing of personal pronoun
Subject Object Possesive

I Me My/mine
You You Your/yours
They Them Their/theirs
We Us Our/ours
He Him His/his
She Her Her/hers
It It Its
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech

I, You, We He, She, They

My, Your (Singular) His, Her
Our, Your (Plural) Their
 John said Anna, “You are beautiful” (Direct)
John said Anna that she was beautiful. (Indirect)

 Tom said to them, “You are smart.” (Direct)

Tom said to them That they are smart. (Indirect)
No Direct Indirect

1. Now Then
2. Today That day
3. Tomorrow The day after
4. Next The....after
5. Yesterday The day before
6. Last ..... The...before
7. ..... ago The previous.....
8. Here There
9. This That
10. These Those
 She said, “He might be at home now.” (Direct)
She said that he might be at home then. (Indirect)

 John told me, “You shall join with me tomorro.?”

(Direct)
John told me that I should join with he the day after.
(Indirect)

 They said to her, “You can bring this book.” (Direct)

They said to her that she could bring that book.
(Indirect)
1. Jika kata kerja (verb) pada main clause berbentuk
present (simple present, present perfect atau presen
future), maka tense kata kerja indirect speech tidak
berubah.
Example:

Direct speech Indirect speech

• She says, “I am ill.” • She says that she ill.
• She has said to us, • She has said to us that
”You are making we are making mistake.
mistake.” • He will say to you that
• He will say to you, “I He is very sorry.
am very sorry.”
2. Dalam bentuk kalimat subjunctive setelah kata
wish, would rather, would sooner dan it is
time, tidak mengalami perubahan tenses.
Example:
he said, “ I wish I knew the answer.”
he said that he wished he knew the answer.