DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

1.PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE

Eg: I never eat meat. He explained (that) he never ate meat.
2.PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
Eg: I am waiting for Ann. He said (that) he was waiting for Ann.
3.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Eg: I have found a flat. She said (that) she had found a flat.
4.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Eg: I have been waiting for ages. She said (that) she had been waiting for ages.
5.SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Eg: I forgot about it. He said (that) he had forgotten about it.
6.PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Eg: I was just leaving. He said (that) he had been just leaving.
7.PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Eg: I had been there already. She said (that) she had been there already.
8.FUTURE FUTURE IN THE PAST
Eg: i) I shall be there. i) He promised (that) he should be there.
ii) They will be swimming ii) They said (that) they would be
tomorrow. swimming the next day.
iii) We will have finished the book iii) She said (that) they would have
by then. finished the book by then.
iv) It is going to rain today. iv) He said (that) it was going to rain that
day.
VORBIREA DIRECTA SI INDIRECTA
Vorbirea directa: John said: „She is not at home"
Vorbirea indirecta: John said she was not at home.
Pentru a trece o propozitie de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta, trebuie
respectate o serie de reguli.
1. Atunci când verbul din propozitia principala este la trecut, ceea ce se intâmpla în
majoritatea cazurilor, în propozitia secundara se schimba timpurile dupa cum urmeaza:
Present - past Present perfect - past perfect Past - past perfect Future future-
in the past (restul sunt prezentate in tabelul de sus)
Ex. – He said „I am ill". He said he was ill.
o He said „I have been working hard. He said he had been working hard.
o He said „I was ill". He said he had been ill.
o He said „I will do the exercise". He said he would do the exercise.
1. Se schimba pronumele, în functie de sens.
Ex. He said: „She gave me a book".
He said she had given him a book.
2. Se schimba o serie de cuvinte în functie de sens.
Ex. today - that day
Yesterday, the day before - the previous day
the day before yesterday - two days before
tomorrow the next day - the following day
the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
next week the next - the following week
two years ago - two years before
now - then this - that these - those
here - there
Ex. He said: „I’ll be at home today".  He said he would be at home on that day.
He said: „I am going to do this traslation tomorrow".  He said he was going to do that
translation the next day.

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3. Frazele conditionale sunt trecute la vorbirea indirecta în modul urmator:
o tipul 1 devine tipul 2:
"If it rains, I will stay at home."
He said if it rained he would stay at home.
o tipurile 2 si 3 nu se schimba:
"If it rained, I would stay at home."
He said if itrained he would stay at home.
"If it had rained, I would have stayed at home."
He said if it had rained he would have stayed at home.
1. Verbele modale would, should, ought to, could, might ramân neschimbate la
vorbirea indirecta.
Ex. He said: „I might be late"
He said he might be late.
Modalitati de introducere a propozitiilor secundare în vorbirea indirecta
1. Afirmatii: cu that (care se poate omite)
Ex. He said: „I am ill".  He said (that) he was ill.
2. Comenzi: cu infinitivul (afirmativ sau negativ)
Ex. He said „Go out".  He told me to go out.
He said „Don’t go out"  He told me not to go out.
3. Intrebari: Exista doua tipuri de intrebari: generale si speciale. Intrebarile generale
sunt cele care incep cu un verb, iar raspunsul poate fi da sau nu.
Ex. Where have you been? I’ve been away, on holiday.
Intrebarile generale se introduc cu if sau whether (daca).
Ex. He asked me if I liked music.
Intrebarile speciale se introduc cu cuvântul interogativ respectiv. Ex. He asked me
where I had been.
În cazul intrebarilor speciale trecute la vorbirea indirecta, trebuie acordata atentie
ordinei cuvintelor din propozitia secundara. Intrucât aceasta propozitie incepe cu un
cuvânt interogativ, exista tentatia de a folosi ordinea cuvintelor din propozitiile
interogative, ceea ce este o greseala.
Ex. He asked me: „What is the time?"
Corect: He asked me what the time was.
Incorect: He asked me what was the time.
VORBIREA DIRECTĂ ŞI INDIRECTĂ
Vorbirea directă este redarea întocmai a spuselor cuiva, enunţul devenind o
propoziţie completivă directă sau, în cazul unei fraze, o propoziţie completivă directă
însoţită de subordonatele sale. În limba engleză, după verbul explicativ (to ask, to say etc.)
se foloseşte, de obicei, virgula şi nu două puncte, iar vorbirea directă este pusă între
ghilimele (duble sau simple):
He asked me, "Do you remember L.?"
Vorbirea indirectă reproduce conţinutul a ceea ce spune cineva într-o
împrejurare dată. Ca şi vorbirea directă, ea este redată prin propoziţii completive directe,
atât că timpurile verbale din cadrul acestora se modifică potrivit regulilor de
corespondenţa timpurilor:
He asked me/whether I remembered L.
Alte modificări sunt determinate, în general, de tipurile modale ale propoziţiilor
respective:
1) Propoziţiile enunţiative
Verbul to say din principală se păstrează atunci când nu este însoţit de un
complement indirect; altfel, se înlocuieşte prin to tell.

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 Pronumele, determinanţii şi adverbele se înlocuiesc în funcţie de înţeles, ca în
limba română, de exemplu: I poate deveni he sau she; this -- that; today -- that day;
yesterday -- the day before; ago -- before; here -- there etc. Astfel:
"I think I heard you speaking on the radio last month," she said to me.
devine:
She told me (that) she thought (that) she heard me speaking on the radio a month before.
2) Propoziţiile interogative
Ordinea cuvintelor dintr-o propoziţie interogativă indirectă este aceea a cuvintelor
dintr-o propoziţie enunţiativă. Propoziţia interogativă indirectă este introdusă prin if sau whether,
iar atunci când întrebarea este alternativă, prin whether. Pronumele, adjectivele şi adverbele
determinative se înlocuiesc, ca şi în limba română, după înţeles. Astfel:
He asked me, "Have you seen the new theatre?"
devine:
He asked me if/whether I had seen the new theatre.
Sau:
John said, "Will you come and dine with us to-night?"
devine:
John asked (us) if/whether we would come and dine with them that night.
3) Propoziţiile imperative
Propoziţiile imperative se redau în vorbirea indirectă cu ajutorul unor verbe care
exprimă ordinul, rugămintea, cererea etc. (to ask, to order, to tell, to beg etc.) urmate de
infinitive. Pronumele, adjectivele şi adverbele determinative se înlocuiesc, ca şi în limba
română, după înţeles. Astfel:
"Drive quicker!" he said to me.
devine:
He asked me to drive quicker.
4) Propoziţiile exclamative
Propoziţiile exclamative sunt redate în vorbirea indirectă printr-o serie de modificări
cerute de sens, caracterul exclamaţiei fiind redat mai ales de verbe şi adverbe (de mod), astfel:
He said, "That isn't true!"
devine:
He exclaimed/cried indignantly that it wasn't true.
Remarci finale. La transformarea vorbirii directe în vorbire indirectă trebuie să ţinem
întotdeauna seama de caracterul modalităţii enunţului, indiferent de tipul structural-modal
al propoziţiei (enunţiativă, interogativă etc.). Pentru ilustrare, vom considera propoziţia
interogativă:
May I give you a helping hand? care implică însă ideea de ofertă şi va fi transformată în
consecinţă:
He etc. offered to give her etc. a helping hand.
Exercitii cu vorbirea directa si vorbirea indirecta
1. Treceti urmatoarele afirmatii de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta (verbul
introductiv este la trecut):
Model: He said „I will leave for London tomorrow".
He said (that) he would leave for London the next day.
1. The weather was fine yesterday.
2. I saw this film a week ago.
3. I will go shopping right now.
4. Last year I spent my holiday at the seaside.
5. I think it’s going to rain tomorrow.
6. I don’t remember where I have bought this dictionary.
7. John left for Sinaia two days ago.

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8. I am going to have a nap this afternoon.
9. If I have enough money, I will buy a car next year.
10. If I had been at home, I would have answered the phone.
2. Treceti urmatoarele comenzi la vorbirea indirecta (verbul introductiv este la trecut)
Model: He said: „Come in!"
He told (asked, ordered) me to come în.
1. Don’t drive so fast!
2. Open the door, please!
3. Read the text, please!
4. Write me a letter when you get to England!
5. Don’t cross the street on a red light!
6. Be careful with my books!
7. Don’t smoke so much!
8. Take this pill!
9. Don’t interrupt me when I am speaking!
10. Ring me up when you arrive home!
3. Treceti urmatoarele intrebari generale la vorbirea indirecta (verbul introductiv este
la trecut):
Model: „Will you be at home tomorrow?"
He asked me if I would be at home the next day.
1. Will you help me, please?
2. Can you come to tea this afternoon?
3. Has the train left?
4. Do you know what this word means?
5. Was your mother at home?
6. Did you buy this book yesterday?
7. Were you at the library yesterday?
8. Do you live în London for a long time?
9. Would you like a cake?
10. Could you lend me a book, please?
4. Treceti urmatoarele intrebari speciale la vorbirea indirecta (verbul introductiv este la
trecut):
Model: He said: „When did you come back?"
He asked me when I had come back.
1. How long have you been learning English?
2. What are you going to do tomorrow?
3. How long does it take you to reach your office?
4. When will you be back?
5. Where will you spend your weekend?
6. Who is this man?
7. Why is it so dark în this room?
8. When did the rain stop?
9. Which of these cakes do you prefer?
10. How did you travel?
Reported commands, affirmations - Exercise 1
Explanation: Reported commands

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Clean the black shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me to clean the black shoes.

1) Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"

Andrew told me .
2) Jessica: "Write a text message!"
Jessica told me .
3) Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"
Nelly told me .
4) Fred: "Wash your hands!"
Fred told me .
5) Anna: "Open the window!"
Anna told me .
6) Tom: "Come at 8!"
Tom told me .
7) Teacher: "Do your homework!"
The teacher told me .
8) Doris: "Dance with me!"
Doris told me .
9) Sabine: "Meet Sandy at the station!"
Sabine told me .
10) Victoria: "Check your e-mails!"
Victoria told me .

Reported commands, negations - Exercise 2

Explanation: Reported commands

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Don't clean the black shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me not to clean the black shoes.

1) Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"

Karen told me .
2) Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"
The teacher reminded me .
3) Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"
Mike told me .
4) Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbour!"
Yvonne told me .
5) Denise: "Don't open the door!"
Denise told me .
6) Marcel: "Don't sing that song!"
Marcel reminded me .
7) Jane: "Don't watch the new film!"
Jane advised me .
8) Walter: "Don't ring Romy on Sunday!"
Walter told me .
9) Lisa: "Don't fly via Paris!"
Lisa advised me .
10) Jamie: "Don't eat so much junk food!"
Jamie reminded me .

Reported speech - simple statements - Exercise 1

Explanation: Reported speech - statements, sentences

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "I clean the black shoes."
Peter told me that ____________________________
Answer: Peter told me that he cleaned the black shoes.

1) John: "Mandy is at home."

John said that .
2) Max: "Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that .
3) Susan: "I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that .
4) Simon: "David was ill."
Simon said that .
5) Peggy: "The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that .
6) Richard: "I am going to ride a skateboard."
Richard said to me that .
7) Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows."
Stephen and Claire told me that .
8) Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."
Charles remarked that .
9) Mrs Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old."
Mrs Jones told me that .
10) Jean: "The boss must sign the letter."
Jean said that .

Reported speech - statements with expressions of time - Exercise 2

Explanation: Reported speech - statements, sentences

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "I cleaned the black shoes yesterday."
Peter told me that _________________________________
Answer: Peter told me that he had cleaned the black shoes the day before.

1) Emily: "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."

Emily said that .
2) Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that .
3) Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that .
4) Lisa: "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that .
5) Patricia: "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that .
6) Michael: "I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that .
7) Jason and Victoria: "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that .
8) Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that .
9) Alice: "I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that .
10) David: "John had already gone at six."
David said that .

Reported questions - Exercise 1

Explanation: Reported questions

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Did John clean the black shoes?"
Peter asked me _________________________________
Answer: Peter asked me if John had cleaned the black shoes.

1) Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"

Christopher asked me .
2) Betty: "When did you come?"
Betty wanted to know .
3) Mark: "Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me .
4) Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me .
5) Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me .
6) Mandy: "Can I help you?"
Mandy wanted to know .
7) Andrew: "Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"
Andrew asked me .
8) Justin: "What are you doing?"
Justin asked me .
9) Frank: "How much pocket money does Lisa get?"
Frank wanted to know .
10) Anne: "Must I do the shopping?"
Anne asked .

Reported questions - Exercise 2

Explanation: Reported questions

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Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes
not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Did John clean the black shoes yesterday?"
Peter asked me _________________________________________
Answer: Peter asked me if John had cleaned the black shoes the day before.

1) Mandy: "Are the boys reading the book?"

Yesterday Mandy asked me .
2) Jason: "Who gave you the laptop?"
Yesterday Jason wanted to know .
3) Robert: "Is Tim leaving on Friday?"
Yesterday Robert asked me .
4) Daniel: "Will it rain tomorrow?"
Yesterday Daniel asked me .
5) Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?"
Yesterday Jennifer wanted to know .
6) Nancy: "Why didn't Nick go to New York last summer?"
Yesterday Nancy wanted to know .
7) Barbara: "Must I do my homework this afternoon?"
Yesterday Barbara asked me .
8) Linda: "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?"
Yesterday Linda wanted to know .
9) Grandmother: "Where are my glasses?"
Yesterday Grandmother asked me .
10) A man: "When does the train to Liverpool leave?"
Yesterday a man asked me .

Diateza Pasive-The Passive Voice

Pasivul se formeaza conjugând verbul to be la timpul cerut de sens, la care se adauga
forma III (participiul trecut) a verbului de conjugat.
Ex. I am asked. I have been asked. I was asked. I had been asked. I
will be asked.
În limba româna, trecerea de la diateza activa la diateza pasiva se face prin
transformarea complementului direct în subiect.
Ex. Activ: Directorul m-a chemat pe mine.
Pasiv: Eu am fost chemat de director.
În limba engleza, exista trei tipuri de complemente care pot deveni subiect în
transformarea de la activ la pasiv: complementul direct, complementul indirect si, în
unele cazuri, complementul prepozitional.
Ex. Activ: I gave him a book.
Unde complementul direct este a book, iar complementul indirect este him. Ambele
complemente pot deveni subiecte în cazul trecerii la pasiv. Desigur, subiectul va fi trecut
la cazul nominativ.

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 Complement direct  Subiect
A book was given to him. (by me)
Complement indirect  Subiect
He was given a book. (by me)
În propozitia: În this office they insist on punctuality, punctuality este un complement
prepozitional, care, de asemenea, poate deveni subiect în cazul folosirii diatezei pasive:
În this office punctuality is insisted on (by them).
Un alt exemplu de complement prepozitional care poate deveni subiect.
Activ: She looked after the child.
Pasiv: The child was looked after (by her).
În multe cazuri, pasivul se foloseste atunci când nu este important cine face actiunea.
În aceste situatii, se omite formularea by, de la sfârsitul propozitiei. Ex. În this office
punctuality is insisted on.
Nota: Se poate folosit aspectul continuu al diatezei pasive numai la Present Tense si Past
Tense.
Ex. While I am în hospital, my flat is being painted.
While I was în hospital, my flat was being painted.

Exercitii cu diateza pasiva

1. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva:
1. They will finish the work today.
2. He has found your bag.
3. I will invite my friend to a party.
4. Someone has found the missing child.
5. A specialist will repair my TV set.
6. His coworkers must do something for him.
7. People play football all over the world.
8. The noise frightened me.
9. They are building a new house round the corner.
10. They were building a new supermarket in that district last month, when I passed by.
2. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva în doua feluri,
transformând atât complementul direct cât si cel indirect în subiecte:
1. The doctor prescribed some pills to the patient.
2. They have given me a nice present.
3. The policeman will show us the way.
4. I teach them English.
5. I have lent John two of my books.
6. The jury awarded the Romanian film director the Great Prize.
7. The guide showed the museum to the tourists.
8. They will give me a reward.
9. My friend doesn’t always tell me the truth.
10. The teacher asked me a difficult question.
3. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva:
1. Has someone repaired the TV set?
2. Will you write the letter în ink?
3. Haven’t they told you to be here at 6 o’clock?
4. Did the tornado frighten you?
5. Will someone tell him the details?
6. Have you fed the dog?
7. Did the sight of the accident shock him?
8. Did they tell you about the meeting?
9. Do you think they will turn down your request?

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10. Would you have finished your work sooner if your colleagues hadn’t interrupted you?
4. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii de la diateza pasiva la diateza activa. Gasiti subiecte
acolo unde este necesar:
1. This book will soon be forgotten.
2. These books mustn’t be taken away.
3. English is spoken all over the world.
4. This painting is admired by all the visitors of the museum.
5. This house has been built out of stone and cement.
6. A reception was held în his honour.
7. The pupils will be told where to sit.
8. I was recommended a very good doctor.
9. The climber was finally discovered by the rescue party.
10. He hates being made fun of.
5. Turn the sentences from active to passive:
1. They evacuate the main town because of the flooding.
2. The chief minister made the right decision.
3. The authorities are advising the population to take care.
4. They were moving the furniture for the baby `s room.
5. They asked the president a lot of questioned.
6. They give him a nice present for his birthday.
7. They will organize a trip in the mountains next week.
8. The nuclear disaster in 1986 affected million of people.
9. Two reporters received important prizes for their articles.
10. Computers will be replaced by other things in the future.
6. Turn from passive to active:
1. We were promised a full refund by the theatre.
2. My car was cleaned by some boys.
3. The theatre had been repainted by some young teenagers.
4. All the thieves have been arrested last week.
5. She will be offered a new job to the new shop.
6. The windows are being washed for the festivity.
7. She had been offered a place to the local university.
8. The products are bought every day because of their high quality.
9. The cars are manufactured in this German factory.
10. The theatre play will be presented in our town tomorrow.
7. Put the verbs in the brackets to the passive and use the right tense:
1. My car (steal)……………….
2. Jack (invite)………………….to a party yesterday night.
3. The invitation (not send)…………………to any of our friends.
4. Mary `s car (repair)……………………..now.
5. Your order (take)……………………..in 5 minutes, have patience.
6. The hole in the road (repair)…………………….when I came home.
7. The swimming pool (use)………………….by over 1000 people.
8. This church (paint)………………………in the last century by a famous painter.
9. Their new house (not finish)………………………yet.
10. Customers (request)……………………….to ask for a receipt.
11. An address (write)………………on the envelope to help the postman deliver it.
12. The robbers (arrest)……………………as soon as they left the bank.
13. Sue `s baby (bear)……………………on the 13th of September.
14. The match (cancel)………………………..because of the snow.
15. Most of the passengers (swim)………………..to the shore when the ambulance arrived.

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16. The winning horse (ride)………………………by Pat Murphy.
17. The jewelery (steal)…………………by the thieves right now.
8. Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use the verb and the tense
given in brackets.
Example: A letter __________ by Peter. (to write - Simple Present)
Answer: A letter is written by Peter.
1) The words by the teacher today. (to explain - Simple Present)
2) We a letter the day before yesterday. (to send - Simple Past)
3) This car . It's too old. (not/to steal - will-future)
4) This street because of snow. (already/to close - Present Perfect)
5) A new restaurant next week. (to open - will-future)
6) He to the party yesterday. (to invite - Simple Past)
7) The blue box . (can/not/to see - Simple Present)
8) I the book by my friend last Sunday. (to give - Simple Past)
9) The dishes by my little brother. (not/to wash - Present Perfect)
10) I by Robert. (not/to ask - will-future)
9. Complete the questions using the verb in brackets in passive. Then answer the
questions.
1. When ______ America ______ (discover)?
2. In what year ______ the Olympic Games ______ (hold) in Barcelona?
3. In what century ______ William Shakespeare ______ (bear)?
4. Where ______ Coca-Cola ______ (invent)?
5. What ______ ______ (consider) the highest mountain in the world?
6. Where ______ rubles1 ______ (use)?
7. In what country ______ Kiev ______ (locate)?
8. In what country ______ Thai ______ (speak) by 92% of the population?
9. How many Harry Potter´s novels have ______ ______ (write)?
10. When ______ Halloween ______ (celebrate)?
11. When ______ St Patrick´s Day ______ (celebrate)?
12. When ______ Thanksgiving Day ______ (celebrate)?
13. When ______ the Eiffel Tower ______ (build)?
14. ______ the Channel Islands ______ (include) in the “United Kingdom”?
15. In what century ______ Australia ______ (settle2) by the British?
16. Where ______ most bananas ______ (produce)?
17. In what museum can La Gioconda painting ______ ______ (see)?
18. How many stars and bars ______ ______ (represent) in the flag of the USA?
19. What two ingredients ______ candy floss3 ______ (make) of?
20. What ______ the largest lake in the world ______ (call)?
1 Ruble: rublo.
2 To settle: colonizar; asentarse.
3 Candy floss (UK) / cotton candy (US): algodón de azúcar.
Answers
1. was discovered. 1492 2. were held.1992 3. was born. 16th
4. was invented. Atlanta, USA. 5. is considered. Everest.

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6. are used. Russia, Tajikistan. 7. is located. Ukraine.
8. is spoken. Thailand 9. been written. 7.
10. is celebrated. 31st October. 11. is celebrated. 17th March.
12. is celebrated. On the fourth Thursday of November. In Canada, Thanksgiving is
celebrated on the second Monday in October.
13. was built. 1887-89 14. are included. Yes
th
15. was settled. 18 16. are produced. India
17. be seen. Lovre, in Paris. 18. are represented. 13 bars and 50 stars.
19. is made. Sugar and food colouring. 20. is called. Caspian Sea.

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