BIOSTATISTICS

T-Test or Student’s T- test

Presented By- Dr Nikita
Sharma
HISTORY
Introduced in 1908 by William
Sealy Gosset, a chemist from
Ireland whose pen name was
“Student”. Hence, this test is
also called “Student’s T-test”
 Less than two groups More than two groups

Less than More than ANOVA Test

30 samples 30 samples (Analysis of
Variants)/ F- Test

T- test Z- test

Paired Unpaired
T-test T-test
T-TEST
 It is a ratio of observed difference between two
means of small samples to the Standard Error
of difference in the same.
T- test = difference in mean/ SE
SE = Standard Deviation/ √number of
observations
Application of T- test:
It is applied to find the significance of
difference between two means as:
1. Unpaired T- test

2. Paired T- test
Unpaired T- test:
Applied to unpaired data of Independent observation of
two different or separate groups or samples to test if the
difference between the two mean is real or it was by
chance.
Paired T- test:
Indicated when paired data of dependent observation
from one sample only when each individual given a pair of
observations.
Criteria for applying T- test:
a.) Random Samples
b.) Quantitative Data
c.) Variables normally distributed
d.) Sample size less than 30
For testing difference of significance:

1. Define Null and Alternate Hypothesis

2. Statistics required
a.) Calculate observed difference between means of 2 samples
(x1-x2).
b.) Calculate Standard Error
c.) Calculation of “t” Values i.e (x1-x2)/ SE.
d.) Degree of freedom = n1+n2-2 (in unpaired T- test)
n-1 (in paired T- test)
3. Compare the calculated value with the table value at
particular Df to find the level of significance
a.) if t value > table value then the difference observed is
significant i.e there was some affect of exposure. (Null
hypothesis is rejected, alternate hypothesis is accepted)
b.) if t value is < table value then it indicates that the
difference was by chance.
THANK YOU