PHILIPPINE

HISTORY:
Spaces for
Conflict and
Controversies
“Making Sense of
the Past:
Historical
Interpretation”
-The interpretation of history is
subjective. The examination of
history can be subject to change
as new evidence and new
interpretations arise.
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“The Code of
Kalantiaw”
 The Code of Kalantiaw
-A mythical legal code written by pre-colonial Filipinos
-Before being disproven as a hoax, it was a source of pride
for people from Aklan
-Disproven by a pre-Hispanic research defense
-Was attributed to a historical fiction written by Jose E.
Marco, who attributed it to a priest named Jose Maria Pavon

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“Sa Aking Mga
Kabata”
 Sa Aking Mga Kabata

-A poem once rumored to be a work of Rizal during

his youth
-Famed for its line “Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling
wika/mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda
-The poem’s association with Rizal was suspect to
scrutiny due to inconsistencies with how it was
written, Rizal’s lack of mention that it existed and the
lack of an actual manuscript

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“Multiperspectivity”
-Looking at historical events, personalities,
developments, cultures and societies in
different viewpoints

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 CASE STUDY 1

Where did the First

Catholic Mass Take
Place in the Philippines

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 BUTUAN
or
LIMASAWA?
As cited in Miguel A. Bernad’s “Butuan or
Limasawa? The Site of the First Mass in
the Philippines: A Reexamination of
Evidence”
 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Albo’s Log

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Ladrones Yunagan Suluan Gana Seilani Mazava Seilani Subu

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:
Pigafetta’s
Testimony on
the Route of
Magellan's
Expedition

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 “
Pigafetta gave more
details on what and
who they met during
their weeklong stay at
Mazaua.

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Pigafetta
and Seven
Days in
Mazaua

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 “
Counter-argument: In
Pigafetta’s account,
crucial aspect of Butuan
was not mentioned.

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PHILIPPINE
HISTORY:
Spaces for
Conflict and
Controversies
 CASE STUDY 1

Where did the First

Catholic Mass Take
Place in the Philippines

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 BUTUAN
or
LIMASAWA?
As cited in Miguel A. Bernad’s “Butuan or
Limasawa? The Site of the First Mass in
the Philippines: A Reexamination of
Evidence”
 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Albo’s Log

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:
Pigafetta’s
Testimony on
the Route of
Magellan's
Expedition

22
 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Pigafetta
and Seven
Days in
Mazaua

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 CASE STUDY 2

The Cavite Munity and

the Martyrdom of the
GOMBURZA

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Spanish Accounts
vs
Filipino Accounts
Several primary accounts were written
pertaining to what happened during the
year 1872, these events were a major
factor in the awakening of nationalism
among the Filipinos.
 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Excerpts from
Montero’s
Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:
Excerpts from
the official
report of Gov.
Izquierdo on
the Cavite
Mutiny of 1872

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Excerpts from
Pardo de
Tavera’s
Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Excerpts from
Plauchut’s
Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

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PHILIPPINE
HISTORY:
Spaces for
Conflict and
Controversies
 CASE 3
RIZAL’S RETRACTION
EL FILI AND NOLI
FRIARS AND CATHOLIC CHURCH
 DOCUMENT
DID JOSE RIZAL RETRACT?
1. La Voz Espanola/
Diario de Manila
2.La Juventad
BALAGUER

CUERPO DE
VIGILANCIA
 CASE STUDY 4

Where did the Cry of

Rebellion Happen?

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 “El Grito de
Rebelion” or
“Cry of Rebelion”
– start of revolutionary events,
identifying places where it
happened.
 “
Teodoro Agoncillo:

➢ Bonifacio tore the

cedula or tax receipt

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 Pio Valenzuela: Lt. Olegario Diaz:
August 23, 1896 at August 25, 1896 at
Pugad Lawin Balintawak

Teodoro Kalaw:
Last week of
Gregorio Zaide: August 1896 at
August 23, 1896 at Kangkong,
Balintawak Balintawak

Teodoro Agoncillo: Santiago Alvarez

August 24, 1896 at
August 23, 1986 at
Bahay Toro,
Pugad Lawin
Quezon City

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 “
PRIMARY SOURCE:

Accounts of the
Cry

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“Cry of Balintawak”
source: Guillermo Masangkay
➢ Aug. 26, big meeting on Apolonio
Samson’s house, at Balintawak,
opened by Bonifacio at about 9 am
➢ Composed of all leaders and board
of directors of the Katipunan
➢ Bonifacio urged the revolt even if
Plata, Pantas, and Valenzuela were
opposed to ealy revolution, by
starting to destroy cedula (sign of
severance from Spaniards)

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 “Cry of Pugad Lawin”
souce: Pio Valenzuela

➢ Aug. 19-20 arrival of Bonifacio and

other leaders to Apolonio Samson’s
place
➢ Aug. 22, some of 500 member of the
Katipunan firstly met at Kangkong, and
here views are only exchanged
➢ Aug. 23 at Juan Ramos’ place at Pugad
Lawin, discussion whether or not the
revolution should be started on Aug. 29
➢ After meeting, those present tore their
cedula and shout “Long live the Phils.”

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 Different Dates and Places of the Cry
4 places Dates
➢ Balintawak ➢ 23
➢ Kangkong ➢ 24
➢ Pugad Lawin ➢ 25
➢ Bahay Toro ➢ 26
of August, 1896

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