BRAZING

Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more metal items

are joined together by melting to 450℃ or more and flowing a filler
metal into the joint via capillary action.
This process is called capillary attraction.

The melting point of the filler metal is lower than the adjoining metal.

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BRAZING

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 FILLER METALS
Most commonly used filler metal: Spelter

50-60% Cu + 40% Zn + 1% Ni + 0.7 % Fe and traces of Si and Mn

Available in the forms of rod, Spelter composition

strip, wire and powder.

Silver brazing filler metal:

30-55% Ag
15-35% Cu
15-28% Zn
18-24% Cd
2-3% Ni or 5% Sn.
Cu Zn Ni Fe
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 STEPS FOR BRAZING

STEP 1: GOOD FIT AND PROPER CLEARANCES

STEP 2: CLEANING THE METALS

STEP 3: FLUXING THE PARTS

STEP 4: ASSEMBLY FOR BRAZING

STEP 5: BRAZING THE ASSEMBLY: HEATING

METHODS

STEP 6: CLEANING THE BRAZED JOINT

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 PROPERTIES OF BRAZING
 Workpieces should be free from oxides.

 Dissimilar metals can be joined with considerable strength.

 Metal properties of the base parts will not be in a disturbed condition.

 The brazing joints do not require much finishing.

 Brazing can withstand precise dimensions.

 Brazing allows for thin metals to join with thicker metals.

 Brazing allows for metals and ceramics to be joined.

 Less stress on the work given the lower temperatures. 5

 FLUXES

 Borax and boric acid are

commonly used fluxes for
brazing with copper base
filler metals.

Many other commercial fluxes may be available in

the form of paste or liquid solution leading to:

• ease of application
• adherence to the surface in any position.
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 TYPES OF BRAZING

Two types of brazing techniques:

1. Localised heating techniques

 Torch Brazing
 Induction Brazing

2. Diffused heating techniques

 Dip Brazing
 Furnace Brazing

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 TYPES OF BRAZING
1. TORCH BRAZING

Oxy-acetylene flame (3480℃) with neutral (1 : 1) or

reducing flame (0.9 : 1) .
Filler metal may be either preplaced in form of washers, rings,
formed strips, powders or may be fed manually in form of
rod.

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 TYPES OF BRAZING
2. INDUCTION BRAZING

• Heat is generated by induced current into the workpiece

from a water-cooled coil which surrounds the workpiece.
• High frequencies employed - 5 to 400 kHz.
• Clean and rapid.
• Great control and precision.

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 TYPES OF BRAZING
3. DIP BRAZING

Entire assembly is immersed into bath of molten braze alloy

or molten flux.

Preplaced preform melts and fills the joint.

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 TYPES OF BRAZING
4. FURNACE BRAZING

Assembly with preplaced filler metal is placed inside

electrically heated furnace with temperature control for
heating and cooling.

Protective atmosphere with inert gases like argon and helium

or vacuum used.

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 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
BRAZING AND WELDING

1. In brazing, only the filler metal is melted above the melting

point unlike in welding where both filler metal and base metal
are melted.

2. In welding, high temperatures are needed. Whereas, in

brazing low temperatures enough to melt the filler metal are
needed.

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 APPLICATIONS OF BRAZING
1. Fastening of pipe fittings, tanks,
carbide tips on tools, radiators, axles
etc.
2. To join parts of bicycle such as frame
and rims.
3. To join cast metals to wrought metals,
dissimilar metals and also porous metal
components
4. To join ceramics- active metal welding
5. Suitable for automation. Economical
and accurate.
6. Ray- Ban sunglasses. Strong. Thin
metal. Automation. 13
 GATE QUESTIONS
1. Under optimal conditions of the process the temperatures
experienced by a copper work piece in fusion welding, brazing and
soldering are such that

(A) Twelding>Tsoldering>Tbrazing
(B) Tsoldering>Twelding>Tbrazing
(C) Tbrazing>Twelding>Tsoldering
(D) Twelding>Tbrazing>Tsoldering

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 GATE QUESTIONS
1. Under optimal conditions of the process the temperatures
experienced by a copper work piece in fusion welding, brazing and
soldering are such that

(A) Twelding>Tsoldering>Tbrazing
(B) Tsoldering>Twelding>Tbrazing
(C) Tbrazing>Twelding>Tsoldering
(D) Twelding>Tbrazing>Tsoldering

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 GATE QUESTIONS

2. The filler metal used in brazing has melting point of

above

A) 200°C
B) 300°C
C) 420°C
D) 520°C

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 GATE QUESTIONS

2. The filler metal used in brazing has melting point of

above

A) 200°C
B) 300°C
C) 420°C
D) 520°C

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 GATE QUESTIONS

3. The commonly used flux in brazing is

A) Borax
B) Rosin
C) Lead sulphide
D) Zinc chloride

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 GATE QUESTIONS

3. The commonly used flux in brazing is

A) Borax
B) Rosin
C) Lead sulphide
D) Zinc chloride

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 GATE QUESTIONS
4. Which of the following is function(s) of flux used in
brazing?

i. Protect surface from oxidation

ii. Reduce surface tension of filler
iii. Assist its penetration

A) i only
B) ii only
C) i and ii
D) i, ii and iii
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 GATE QUESTIONS
4. Which of the following is function(s) of flux used in
brazing?

i. Protect surface from oxidation

ii. Reduce surface tension of filler
iii. Assist its penetration

A) i only
B) ii only
C) i and ii
D) i, ii and iii
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 GATE QUESTIONS
5. The strength of a brazed joint:

(A) Decrease with increase in gap between the two joining

surfaces

(B) Increase with increase in gap between the two joining

surfaces

(C) Decrease up to certain gap between the two joining

surfaces beyond which it increases

(D) Increases up to certain gap between the two joining

surfaces beyond which it decreases
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 GATE QUESTIONS
5. The strength of a brazed joint:

(A) Decrease with increase in gap between the two joining

surfaces

(B) Increase with increase in gap between the two joining

surfaces

(C) Decrease up to certain gap between the two joining

surfaces beyond which it increases

(D) Increases up to certain gap between the two joining

surfaces beyond which it decreases
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