NURSING AS

CARING
A Model for Transforming Practice

Anne Boykin, PhD, RN

Savina 0. Schoenhofer, PhD
 Anne Boykin, PhD, RN
Dean and Professor of the College of
Nursing a t Florida A t l a n t i c University
i n Boca Raton, Florida
Director of the Christine E. Ly n n Center
for Caring.
Past President of the In te rn ati onal
Association for Human Caring
A member of several local boards
A n d she is actively involved i n various
nursing organizations a t the national,
state, and local levels
(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)
 Savina 0. Schoenhofer,
PhD
Professor of Graduate Nursing a t
Alc orn State University i n Natchez,
Mississippi.
A co-founder of the nursing aesthetics
publication, Nightingale Songs

(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

 Paradigm Function Principle
SIMULTANEITY EXPLANATORY GRAND THEORY
It is a theory
through Because it
t h a t can be
nurturing
focuses in used as a
response
nurturing framework to
person m a y
guide nursing
live and grow relationship
practice
i n caring ( Magundayao & Legaspi
2012)
 “Nurturing
persons living
caring and
growing in
caring. ”
 THEORY
ASSUMPTION

Persons are caring by

virtue of their humanness
Each person does not require
caring but, requires acceptance.
According to Boykin and
Schoenhofer (2001a) “fundamentally,
potentially, and actually each person
is caring”
Persons are caring,
moment to moment
“The belief that caring is a
lifetime process t h a t is
lived from moment to
Moment”. (Purnell, 2010)

(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

 THEORY
ASSUMPTION

Persons are whole or personhood is a process of

complete in the moment living grounded in caring

100%

(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

 THEORY
ASSUMPTION

personhood is enhanced through Nursing is both a

participating in nurturing discipline and a
relationships with caring others profession

(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

 • Perspective of Person as Caring
C
T All person are caring

O Person is recognized as unfolding in caring

H • Nursing Situation
N
E • Personhood
C
O • Direct Invitation
E
R • Call for Nursing
P
Y • Caring Between
T (Aligood, 2014)
 CARING PERSONHOOD
BETWEEN
“When the nurse It is being who we are
enters the world as authentic caring
of the other persons and being
person with the open to unfolding
intention of possibilities for caring.
knowing the
other as a caring
person”

( B o y k i n & S c h o e n h o f e r, 2001a as cited by

Aligood, 2014) (Aligood, 2014)
Visual Representation
The Dance of caring
persons
Each person has something
to contribute i n caring
environment
"Contributing t h e i r own
unique caring to the f u l l
development of personhood
for a l l who are involve"
Dancers enter the circle of
caring (Masters, 2012)

(Schoenhofer, 2014)
 Process of Nursing

 This theory is personal, not abstract.

 In order to express nursing as caring there is a clear need
to know self as caring person.

(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

Nursing
Nursing situation
Moment t h e shared l i v e experience
i n w h i c h c a r i n g between t h e
nurse and t h e nursed enhances
personhood. (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)

Call for nursing

"calls for nurturance through

personal expressions of caring,
and originate w i t h i n persons who
are l i v i n g caring i n t h e i r lives and
hold dreams and aspirations of
growing i n caring"(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013)
Nursing Nurturing response

Moment Sustaining and enhancing a person

as he or she lives caring and grows
i n caring. (Masters, 2012)
“ k n o w me as caring person and
respect me as caring person“
(Scohenhofer, 2014)

Direct Invitation

“The nurse risk entering the world

of the other person i n an effort to
come to know w h a t is meaningful
to t h a t person.” (Masters, 2012)
STRENGTH AND LIMITATION OF
THE THEORY
Enhances the caring ability
of a nurse
concepts and explanations Emotional a tta c h me n t to
are concise patients
continuous encountering
w i t h patient w i l l help
improve caring abilities
Creating a relationship
between a nurse and being
nursed

( Magundayao & Legaspi, 2012)

“There was a 15-year-old girl who suffered from dengue. The
first time I saw her, was the time when she was crying. I thought
that she was crying because of the pain she was experiencing.
But, as the time goes by I learned to know her more. And, I
learned that her mom was the only family she got and it was
hard for them to pay the hospital bills. She was very frustrated at
that time. So, I plan to talk to the doctor about her situation. A
few more days I keep visiting her, and I make sure to keep her
happy when I’m around so that she won’t feel loneliness. And
after a week of staying in the hospital she was fully recovered
and she keeps thanking me for what I did to her.
At that moment when she was thanking me, I realize that I made
an impact in that 15-year-old girl through the simple essence of
caring.”

(Villianueva, A., Personal Communication,9/22/18)

References
• Aligood, M. (2014). Nursing theories and their work (8th ed). St. Louis,
Missouri: Elsevier, Mosby Inc.

• Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2013). NURSING AS CARING: A model for

transforming practice. Retrieve from
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42988/42988-h/42988-h.htm

• Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001a). Nursing as caring: A Model for

transforming practice ( re-release of original volume, with epilogue
added). Sudbury, (MA): Jones & Barlett.

• Boykin, A., Schoenhofer, S. O., Smith, N., et al. (2003). Transforming practice
using a caring-based nursing model. Nursing Administration
Quarterly,27,223-230
References
• Magundayao, J. & Legaspi, B.(2012)Strength and limitation. Retrieved
from
http://nursingiscaringtheory.blogspot.com/2012/07/strengtha
nd-limitations-byjoey.html

• Masters, K.(2012). Nursing Theories: A Framework for professional

practice. Ontario, Canada: jones & Bartlett learning, LLC

• Purnell, M. J. (2010). The theory of nursing as caring: A model for

transforming practice (7th ed). Maryland Heights, MO Mosby.

• Schoenhofer, S. (2014). Boykin & Schoenhofer on Nursing As Caring.

Retrieve from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZbrs5iOGaQ