PREPARED BY

JAYPRAKASH NAGE
16121028
4TH SEM
NITRR
 Bell metal is a hard alloy used for
making bells and related instruments, such
as cymbals. It is a form of bronze with a higher
tin content, usually in approximately a 4:1 ratio
of copper to tin (typically, 78% copper, 22% tin by
mass). The higher tin content increases the
rigidity of the metal, and increases the resonance.
It also has industrial uses, being specified for
valve bodies,piston rings, and bearings.
 Tin and copper are relatively soft metals that will
deform on striking (though tin to a lesser extent than
copper), but alloying creates a metal which is harder
and less ductile and also one with more elasticity
than one of the metals alone. This metal combination
produces a tough, long-wearing material that is
resistant to oxidation and subject only to an initial
surface weathering. Verdigris forms a
protective patina on the surface of bells which coats
it against further oxidation. Specifically, it is the
combination of low internal damping and low
internal sound velocity that makes bell metal
specially suitable for resonant percussion
instruments.
# The BELL METAL or DHOKRA is one of the earliest known
method of metal casting. This craft dates back to pre-historic time
of Harrappa and Mohenjodaro period of Indus Civilization.

# The DHOKRA/BELL METAL castings of figurines and

different animals with their antique look, fits in with interior
decor. DHOKRA/BELL METAL is an alloy of brass, nickel and
zinc that gives an antique effects of the castings.
 # Dhokra metal casting is perhaps the only living tradition of
metal image making in Eastern India. The technique has managed
to survive many centuries and change of dynasties owing to its
modesty of application in everyday lives if traditional tribal
people of BASTAR, Chhattisgarh, INDIA by more than 10,000
traditional tribals. Artwork is done with hand, without any
advancement of technology.The unique 13 stage process of
DHOKRA/BELL METAL making is the original creative instinct
of the craft persons, which is a beautiful amalgation of art and
science
# The ancient art of cire-perdue or lost wax thread method of
metal casting is still used by the tribal people of BASTAR, from
Chhattisgarh over a last 200 years. They do not attempt to
dominate or outwit the natural forces. But have learnt to live in
harmony with them. All available natural resources are utilized to
their optimum potential.
 1.BELLS –
 Most commonly, as per its colloquial name,
bell metal has been and is used for the casting
of high-quality bells. The metal used is a high-
tin alloy of copper and tin with approximately
a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (78% copper, 22%
tin).[4] This is a much higher tin component
than that used in statuary bronze.
2. CANNON –
- Bell metal was used to cast
manyearly Spanish, Portuguese and Malay can
non, most notably the Javanese cannon known
erroneously as lantaka.
- This material was also adopted by the Javanese-
influenced cultures
of Thailand, Khmerand Myanmar.
-Bell metal is particularly prized for its excellent
sonorous qualities, also found in bell metal
cannons which produce a distinct, loud ring
when fired.
 3. UTENSILS –
 In India, in the state of Assam, it is
called kanh while in West
Bengal and Odisha, kansa, and is used for
cooking and eating utensils. Sarthebari in
Barpeta district of Assam holds a unique place
in the production of kanh utensils. In Assam,
utensils of kanh have many religious uses and
the most unusual utensils, bata and banbati, are
used to give offerings and puja or to show
respect to honored guests and
dignitaries. Belaguntha in Ganjam district, Kan
tilo in Nayagarh,
and Balakati near Bhubaneswar are well
known for this craft in Odisha.