Group

PROJECT PLAN OF ACTION 17 B

ENHANCING AUTOMOTIVE TYRE PERFORMANCE BY

RUBBER ADDITIVES

Presented by,
SUMIT KUMAR TRIPATHI (0709140102)
PULKIT SAHAI (0709140070)
RAHUL SHAKYA (0709140072)
SUNNY SINGHANIYA (0709140103)
Supervised by,
Mr. N.K. Jha

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, NOIDA
YEAR 2010-11
 INTRODUCTION

 A tire is a ring-shaped covering that fits around a wheel rim to protect it

and enable better vehicle performance by absorbing shocks while

keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground.
 Raw materials used are rubber and compound chemicals like fillers,

antidegradants, adhesion promoters, curatives.

 We are mainly concerned on the properties like Traction, coefficient of

rolling friction, tread wear and durability, noise and other global
properties.
 The similar idea of the project has been discussed in the “Compounding

Rubber Asia 2010” Conference held in Bangkok, Thailand.

Rubber recipe for a radial passenger tire tread compound is
shown in the table-
Ingredients Parts per hundred rubber Compounds
(PHR) functions
SBR, synthetic rubber 80.0 Rubber

Natural rubber 20.0 Rubber

N 299 carbon black 60.0 Reinforcing agent

Naphthenic oil 10.0 Processing oil
6PPD (Phenylene diamine 3.0 Antidegradant
antiozonant)
TMQ(Antioxidant) 1.0 Antidegradant
Wax Blend 2.0 Antidegradant
Stearic acid 1.0 Activator
Zinc Oxide 4.0 Activator
TBBS 1.2 Accelerator
Sulfur 2.5 Vulcanizing Agent
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Rubber Compounding: It is the science of selecting various

compounding ingredients and their quantities to mix and produce a
useful rubber formulation.

 Carbon Black: This gives reinforcement and abrasion resistance.

 Sulphur: Cross-links the rubber molecules in Vulcanization process
 Anti-degradants: To deter the ageing of rubber.
 Anti-oxidants & Anti-ozonants: For reduction of cracking due to
sunlight and ozone.
 Textile Fabrics: to reinforce the carcass of the tire.
Compounding rubber with 50% of its weight of carbon black
improves its tensile strength are as shown-
Name ASTM Particle Tensile Strength
Designation Size(nm) Mpa
Super Abrasion furnace N110 20-25 25.2

Intermediate SAF N220 24-33 23.1

High Abrasion Furnace N330 28-36 22.4

Easy Processing Channel N300 30-35 21.7

Fast Extruding Furnace N550 39-55 18.2

High Modulus Furnace N683 49-73 16.1

Semi-Reinforcing Furnace N770 70-96 14.7

Fine Thermal N880 180-200 12.6

Medium Thermal N990 250-350 9.8

 METHODOLOGY

 Study regarding to Topic.

 Decision of properties to be considered.

 Decision of additives to be added.

 Industry survey.

 Preparation and testing of samples.

 Data Collection

 Comparison of data

 Documentation
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Approach of our project:
 Changing carbon black from 0 to 150 phr

 Using different types of carbon black.

 Changing DBP and NSA value of carbon black

 Using precipitated silica and a coupling agent( diene based elastomer)

 Changing processing oils.

Companies and Research Institutes Visited :

• Research Design and Standards Organization Lucknow , Prag Rubber Industry

Lucknow, Metzeler Automotive Profile System Ghaziabad, Trelleborg

Automotive Rubber System Noida, Phase II.
• Color and Form of Raw Rubber: White, spongy solid.

• Mixing of rubber and fillers (carbon black and silica) in two roller mills and
intermixers
• The soft rubber is blended with a variety of compounding ingredients in parts per
weight.
• Vulcanization is done at 160- 200 ’C for 10 min in a di-electric heating furnace
• The obtained sample is a black solid material.
• Tests on specific machines-
UTM- Tensile stress measurement, breaking strength evaluation, breaking
toughness, elongation at break, Strand of wire test.
Durometer- Hardness testing
Abration Tester- To measure the wear and tear.
Rebound and Resilience tester: To measure the elasticity.
Carbon Black Dispersion Tester and Content Analyzer: Pixel and Dispersion
analysis of carbon black
These tests will be certified by RDSO, Lucknow and Prag Industries.
 MOTIVATION

• Reasons for taking up this project:

1.Much fuel is wasted due to unnecessary friction between tyres and the road,
so development of such material is needed which offer minimum rolling
resistance .
2. Increasing the durability of tires by mixing different additives and hence
greater life.
3.Increasing the traction properties to minimize the slipping and skidding of
tyres.
 ACTIVITY CHART
Documentation
of results
Comparison
between the
two
Mixing &Testing of
the product formed

Survey in
companies

Basic study
about the
topic
Formation
Of the
group and
selection
of the
topic

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011
 COST ESTIMATION

• Natural Rubber : Rs. 150 to Rs 170 per Kg.

• Carbon black: N660( general purpose,) Rs. 38 per Kg
N330(high abrasion) Rs. 41 per Kg
N110(super abrasion ,smaller particle diameter) Rs 50 per Kg
• Precipitated Silica: Rs 85 per Kg
• Processing Oil: Rs. 350 – Rs. 600 per litre.
 CONCLUSION
 The successful fabrication of the project will help to get a better quality

rubber.
 Mixing of rubber is a dynamic field which offers numerous much scope

of improvement.
 Apart from the tire industry this project will be helpful to Indian railways

which is using rubber as damping pads and rubber springs.

Thank You