Department Of Material Science and Engineering

Indian Institute Of Technology, Delhi

Presentation On
Rubber bushing: formulation, properties and their application.

Under Guidance Of Presented by:

Prof. Josemon Jacob Atharv Khurd 2023MSP2268
 INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF RUBBER BUSHING USED IN INDUSTRY
MATERIAL SELECTION
FORMULATION FOR RUBBER BUSHING

Index CEILING FAN

TRANSFORMER INSULATOR
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RUBBER BUSHINGS
ADVANTAGES OF RUBBER BUSHINGS
APPLICATION OF RUBBER BUSHING
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

 A rubber bushing is a form of vibration isolator that is

placed between two parts to limit the motion between them
and absorb, the energy produced by their interaction. The
most common bushing is cylindrical with a hole in the
middle.

 Rubber bushings are made from synthetic rubber and natural

rubber. The type of rubber determines how the bushing can
be used for the different applications.

 Several types of rubber bushings are part of automobile

manufacturing, which was their original use. They serve as
a pivotal point due to their elastic property.

 Bushing faults can result from material fatigue, overheating,

harsh environments, improper storage, contamination,
corrosion, mishandling, and incorrect installation.
 Natural
Rubber Flanged  Other types of
Bushings Bushing
bushing
• Control Arm Bushings
• Bonded Bushings
• Cylindrical Bushing
• Reducer Bushing
TYPES OF
RUBBER
BUSHING

Sleeve Conical
Bushing Bushings
MATERIAL SELECTION FOR RUBBER BUSHING
Natural rubber is made from the latex
or sap of the Hevea brasiliensis tree and
is a natural polymer. The texture and feel
of natural rubber are soft and elastic,
which gives it a great deal of tear
resistance and tensile strength.
Material
Selection
Silicone rubber provides high-
temperature resistance, flexibility across
a wide range of temperatures, and
weather stress resistance. It is suitable
for outdoor applications and effective for
stabilizing joints, reducing vibrations,
and minimizing noise in bushings.
SBR is the oldest and most widely used
type of synthetic rubber due to its
excellent mechanical and elastic
properties. It is an ideal material for
manufacturing rubber bushings since it
can withstand the wear and stress
demanded of bushings.
EPDM is made from the polymerization
of propene, ethene, and diene. It is an
excellent synthetic rubber that is resilient
when exposed to sunlight and stressful
weather conditions. Common
applications for EPDM are bushings for
the auto industry and construction
projects.
 FORMULATION OF RUBBER BUSHING FOR CEILING FAN
Sr.No Compounding Ingredients Phr
 The bushings were composed of 70% Styrene Butadiene
1. SBR 1500 30 Synthetic Rubber and 30% Natural Rubber.
2. SMR 20 70  After the vulcanization process, silica powder (particle size
(65-85)nm, purity 100%, density 0.2817 g/cm3 ) was added
3. Benzothiazyl-2-Cyclohexyl 0.5
sulphenamide(accelerator ) as a reinforcement material to the master batch at different
ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) phr.
4. Zinc oxide (activator) 4
5. Stearic acid 2
6. Anox HB (Stabilizer) 1
7. Antioxidant (TMQ) WAX A 2
111
8. Aromatic Oil 8.5
9. Fast extrusion furnace 51
carbon black
10. Sulphur 2
Rubber Bushing
11. IPPD (antiozonant) 1.75 Product Manufactured
Ceiling Fan Rubber Bush
 RESULTS
The tests were conducted to determine the optimal amount of filler to add to the rubber batch in order to achieve
suitable results for the manufactured bushing.

It was found that adding a small quantity of
modified nano-silica increased the material's
tensile strength, while an increase in the
concentration of modified nano-silica led to a
decrease in tensile strength.
It shows an increase in the modulus of elasticity with
small amounts of modified nano-silica. Due to the
fineness of particles, it is easy to distribute between
rubber chains, thus increasing the modulus of
elasticity.
Shows increasing in the rebound resilience. At 0.2
Phr of modified nano-silica, there are jumps in the
values due to silica acting as a filler to fill the
spaces and not absorbing the energy.
Adding silica nanoparticles (75-85nm) in
different proportions (0.2-3 parts per hundred
parts of rubber) increases hardness due to
enhanced entanglement with rubber chains,
resulting in greater resistance to penetration of
the rubber compound’s.
FORMULATION FOR TRANSFORMER INSULATOR BUSHING
Sr. No Compounding Ingredients Phr
 The insulation compounding material, which is natural
1. Natural Rubber STR 5L 60 rubber (NR), and the high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
 The insulation compounding material, which is the
2. High-Density Polyethylene 40
natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene
3. Zinc Oxide 3 (HDPE). The HDPE is used for increasing the weather
resistance properties of NR. The compounding rubber
4. Stearic Acid 1.2 consists of 60% NR and 40% HDPE ratio.
5. Cyclohexylbenzothiazolesulf 0.6
onamide
6. Tetramethylthiuramdisulfide 0.12
(accelerator)
7. Sulphur 1.08
8. Carbon Black 1

Developed NR+HDPE bushing insulator (a) two part of insulator (b)

installation example
 RESULTS

Properties of vulcanized rubber from testing

• The insulation tests are composed of hardness, tensile strength, surface and volume resistivity, and dielectric
strength. The testing process refers to ASTM D2240, ASTM D412, ASTM D257-99, and ASTM D149-05. The
testing results will compare properties with other materials, such as EPDM, NR, and EPDM rubber with the same
ratio of blending.

Material Properties EPDM NR+EPDM (60:40) NR+HDPE (60:40)

Hardness, Shore A 30-90 46.7 ±3 83.7±0.9

Tensile Strength, MPa 10-20 8.82 + 1.58 4.28 ± 5.4
Elongation at Break , % 200-500 548 + 29 92 ± 29
Surface Resistivity, : /square NA 1.9×1017 5.56×1016
Volume Resistivity, : - cm. 1*1017 1.6×1015 2.14×1016
Dielectric Strength, kV/mm 0.9 17.9 19.7
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RUBBER BUSHINGS

•Rubber Material Selection: The
appropriate rubber compound is
selected based on the desired
properties, such as hardness,
resilience, temperature, and
chemical resistance.
Formulation:. This involves
combining various raw materials
such as natural rubber, synthetic
rubber, fillers, plasticizers, and
curing agents to heat and
chemicals.
Mixing: Once the rubber
formulation is determined, the
raw materials are mixed in a
rubber mixer to ensure uniform
distribution of ingredients and
to achieve the desired
compound properties.

Finishing: The rubber Molding: The rubber

bushings are trimmed, material is molded into the
Dispatched inspected for quality, and desired shape using
any necessary finishing compression, injection, or
touches are applied. transfer molding techniques

Metal molds of bushing insulator for heat

compression molding (a) main body mold and (b)
strap plate mold.
ADVANTAGES OF RUBBER BUSHINGS APPLICATION OF RUBBER BUSHING
 Suitable for all types of Mechanical Equipment: Rubber  Automotive Industry
bushings can be found in various types of machinery and
can be designed to fit into applications of different sizes.  Electronics Appliances
 Rubber Bushing Safety: A major advantage of rubber  Bushings in Fans
bushings is their ability to absorb shock. This is one of the
reasons that led to their use in automobiles.  Industrial Machinery
 Noise Control: One of the essential design elements in the  Marine Application
auto industry is sound suppression and control.
 Construction and Infrastructure
 Vibration Control: Rubber bushings serve as a cushion
and stabilizer between surfaces to control and prevent
vibrations.

 Better Movement of Surfaces: Part of rubber bushing’s

functions in eliminating vibrations is their ability to
restrict the torsional and conical movement of surfaces.
 CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, rubber bushings are vital in providing mechanical support, vibration isolation,
and flexibility across various industries. Their significance is in enhancing the performance,
safety, and durability of automotive, electronic, industrial, and aerospace systems.
• Natural rubber bushings have high tensile strength and tear and fatigue resistance and are
used for static or dynamic applications where noise and vibration suppression are necessary.
• The addition of nano-silica to the rubber in small quantities improves mechanical and
physical properties, especially tensile strength, elongation, tear, and wear. However, when
adding large quantities of fillers leads to aggregates of material that weaken the properties in
general.
• The insulation material is composited from natural rubber and high-density polyethylene by a
blending ratio of 60:40. The developed insulator material has suitable properties to use for
the bushing insulator. This insulation material can withstand a maximum AC power
frequency voltage of about 19.7 kv/mm.
REFERENCES

• A. T. A. CASERTA, “RUBBER BUSHINGS,” PP. 1–43, 1948.

• K. BASE, “RUBBER BUSHINGS : TYPES , USES , MANUFACTURING AND GET A QUOTE

→”.

• N. PANKLANG, N. PHANKONG, AND K. BHUMKITTIPICH, “DESIGN OF 33 KV

TRANSFORMER BUSHING INSULATOR FROM NR AND HDPE,” ENERGY PROCEDIA, VOL.
9, PP. 95–103, 2011, DOI: 10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2011.09.011.

• A. V. MOUNTS ET AL., “THE ADVANTAGES OF USING RUBBER BUSH OF USING RUBBER

BUSH,” PP. 1–5, 2024.

• N. AL. S. AL-NASSRAYY AND M. H. AL-MAAMORY, “MANUFACTURING OF RUBBER

BUSHING WITH NOVEL PROPERTIES FOR THE REAR FAN,” INT. J. MECH. ENG.
TECHNOL., VOL. 9, NO. 1102–1110, PP. 1102–1110, 2018.