SEMINAR

ON
BUBBLE POWER
THE REVOLUTIONARY
NEW
ENERGY SOURCE
BY:
VISHNU.S
ROLL.NO.4428
S7.ME
INTRODUCTION
 Sonofusion Research team from various
organizations have joined forces to create
acoustic fusion technology energy consortium
(AFTEC) to promote the development of
sonofusion.
 It was derived from a related phenomenon,
sonoluminescence.
 Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by
sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and
may one day become a revolutionary new energy
source.
SONOLUMINESCENCE
 When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by
ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short
flashes of light suggestive of extreme
temperatures inside the bubble.

 These flashes of light, known as

‘sonoluminescence’, occur as the bubble
implodes, or cavitates.

 Chemical reactions occurs .

 THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

 Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement

fusion.

 In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled

flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting
the motion of tiny gas bubbles.

 High temperatures and pressure speculated at the

bubble core .

 This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear

fusion.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
 Pyrex flask
 Vacuum pump
 Piezoelectric crystal
 Wave generator
 Amplifier
 Neutron generator
 Neutron and gamma ray detector
 Photomultiplier
 Microphone & speaker
HOW SONOFUSION WORKS

 Action of vacuum pump.

 Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.

 For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz

applied to the ring.

 Fire a pulsed neutron generator.

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)

Neutrons flying through

the flask create a bubble
cluster in the deuterated
acetone liquid.
 Stage (2)

 The negative pressure in

the liquid makes the
bubbles swell 100000
times in size (from nano
to millimeter-scale).
Stage (3)

 The liquid pressure

turns positive and
compresses the
bubble, causing them
to implode with great
violence.
Stage(4)

 The implosion creates

an instantaneous
pressure of 10 trillion
kilopascals and
temperature of more
than 100 million
degree C, making the
deuterium fuse.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
 FUSION REACTION

 Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable

outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium
and a proton.
 The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in
a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity
generator.
 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT
TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION
DEVICE
 We gather two kinds of evidence that the
deuterium is fusing.

 The first is by measuring levels of another

hydrogen isotope tritium

 The second is neutron emissions detected by

the neutron detector.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
OTHER APPROACHES

 Mainly two types:

 Laser beam technique.

 Magnetic confinement fusion

 ADVANTAGES

 It is self sustaining.
 Easily control.
 Produce more energy than it consumes.
 Low cost.
 Easily available raw materials.
 Environmental friendly.
 APPLICATIONS
 The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new
source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost
energy.

 Compact detectors for security applications.

 To analyze molecular structure of materials.

 Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic

materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for
medical imaging to watch dials.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

 Fully self-sustained.

neutrons
Contd…

 To create a full-size electricity producing

nuclear generator.
CONCLUSION

 For more than half a century,

thermonuclear fusion has held out the
promise of cheap, clean and virtually
limitless energy.
REFERENCE

 IEEE spectrum ,MAY 2005.

 www.purdue.edu

 www.iter.org

 www.washington.edu
THANK YOU