EXTERIOR WALL FINISHES

Preene Dias
Rachana N
Prerana Rai
BhavanaM
Sarvesh
 INTRODUCTION
• As the name “Wall Finishes” itself suggests that it is finish given to the
wall to enhance the interior or exterior look of the structure.
• exterior finish consists mainly of the coverings of the rough walls, and
installing doors and windows with trim and hardware .
• Wall finishes provide a decorative skin to conceal building
components including structural members, insulation, ductwork,
pipes, and wires.
• Good wall finishes are plumb and straight. Surfaces may be smooth or
textured and better wall finishes are durable
• There are various performance categories to consider
when selecting appropriate wall finishes for the finish
layer such as water resistance, moisture resistance,
abrasion resistance and tolerance to regular cleaning
processes.

• It is important to select a suitable color and design for

the wall finish as these elements are vital to the feeling
of spaciousness and light within a given space

• The type of wall cladding chosen greatly affects the type

of footing
and framing you will need to choose

• The choice is very much driven by what is sympathetic to

the location.
 GENERAL CONSTITUENTS
There are two layers for an exterior wall finishing:
 BASE LAYER: drywall materials, plywood, particleboard, and
solid wood paneling, as well as plaster and cement board.
 FINISH LAYER: paint, plaster, tile, stone, carpet, cork, laminates,
reinforced plastic, wall coverings made of vinyl, textile, fibers or
paper, etc.
• Exterior finishing, uses materials that may include cladding, doors,
windows, exterior trims, paint, and moldings.
• It may be extended to include sidewalks, patios, decks, parking
areas and even the landscaping that compliments and completes
the building.
• WALL SUPPORT ASSEMBLIES:
Metal Support Assemblies- found in commercial applications
than residential . The cold-formed metal studs are placed at 16” o.c.
(on center) or 24” o.c. to accommodate the width and length of
common sheathing materials often used in the completion of walls.
Studs carry the vertical load while sheathing or diagonal bracing
adds strength to the plane of the wall.
• CEILING SUPPORT SYSTEMS:
Metal lath is also used to finish ceilings, as furred metal lath
attached to steel joist or as metal lath suspended from steel
joists. When using the first method consideration must be given to
the deflection and movement of the structure to prevent cracking
of the plaster ceilings. In the second method, the metal lath is
 TYPES OF FINISHES
• High pressure laminates
• Glass
• Metal cladding
• Timber cladding
• Wood Plastic Composites
• Stone cladding
• Terracota cladding
 HIGH PRESSURE LAMINATES

HPL is the direct descendant of the original plastic laminate. It is

considered to be one of the most durable decorative surface
materials and is available with special performance properties
including chemical, fire and wear resistance.Laminate panel is a
type of manufactured timber made from thin sheets of substrates
or wood veneer. It is similar to the more widely used plywood,
except that it has a plastic, protective layer on one or both sides.
HPL panels are preferred by Architects due to their pastel color
scale, natural wood designs and metallic looking HPL is the direct
descendant of the original plastic laminate
Exterior panels are Duromer High Pressure Laminates with
extremely effective weather protection. The weather protective
coating consists of double hardened acrylic polyurethane resins.
They are produced in laminate presses under high pressure at
high temperature. These panels can be used to clad the gate
made of Stainless Steel or MS frame to create a beautiful and
unique look to the gate.
 SPECIFICATIONS

Width Available (in ft) 4 & 4.3

Length Available (in ft) 8 & 10

Thickness (in mm) 6, 8 & 10

Other Specifications 16 Ounce

Finishing Smooth

Variants Special colors available on request

Décor Same décor on both sides

 APPLICATIONS

Elevation facade cladding

Balcony Casing
Fencing
Partitions using hpl
Railings
Louvers
Duct Covering on elevations
Signage with HPL framing
Pedestrian Shelters
Roofing
Soffits
Prefab Huts using HPL
For Gate And Shop Fronts
 ADVANTAGES
* High impact and bending resistance, tensile strength and
resistance to mechanical damage.
* Abrasion resistance – the material is almost unaffected by
abrasion.
* Almost zero absorption – the material does not absorb moist
(the ratio of weight of water absorbed by the material to the
weight of dry material submerged into water of 65ºС for 48 hours
is 1%) and thus can be used in damp rooms without limitations
and be treated with water of any temperature (even steam) and
pressure with the use of detergents.
* High resistance to chemically aggressive environments and
organic solvents.
* High density (imporosity) prevents dirt from penetrating into
panels’ structure (including paints and graffiti) and
microorganisms propagation.
Various formats including large ones.
 GLASS

TYPES OF GLASSES

1. Float glass
2. Sheet glass
3. Patterned glass
4. Wired glass

FLOAT GLASS
Most widely used type of glass
Monolithic and highly transparent
Has uniform thickness, flatness
and excellent optical quality.
Manufactured in two main varieties, i.e.; clear and tinted.
Available in thicknesses 2-19 mm
Can be coloured during manufacturing.
SHEET GLASS
There are three different kind of sheet glasses:
– Annealed flat glass
– Processed flat glass
– Misc. glass
Actual color green (or sometimes blue).
Sizes available:
2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm,
6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm and 19mm.
Uses: windows, shelves, large size doors and table top

Thickness Cost

4-6mm Rs 53/sqm

8-12mm Rs 63/sqm
PATTERNED GLASS
Sometimes referred to as “figured”
or “rolled” glass.
Has a pattern or texture impressed
on one or both sides in the process
of rolling.This glass surface has a
patterned decorative design which
provide translucency and some
degrees of obscurity.
Thickness: 4mm, 6mm,
Sizes: 2140 x 1280 mm, 2140 x 1320
mm respectively.
WIRED GLASS
Fine twisted hexagonal wire netting
or mesh inserted during the
process of rolling.May be
patterned, smooth rolled or ground
and polished.
 Metal cladding

A wide range of metal materials are suitable for use in ventilated

curtain walls. Colour coated aluminium and steel profiles are the
most widespread but high quality materials with a natural colour,
such as copper and zinc, are also commonly used.
Metal cladding materials are generally installed as panels or fluted
sheets but plain sheet panels – riveted or fastened on the rear side
– are also used.
 COPPER FINISH

Copper has been used as a cladding material in construction for

centuries.
The constantly changing coloured patina is one of its most striking
characteristics.
Copper panels with a natural bronze finish but also pre-
weathered panels with a fully developed patina are also available.
 ZINC FINISH

Zinc used in the construction sector is extremely pure (approx.

99.995 percent) and has natural, corrosion-resistant properties.
Weathering creates a natural, constantly changing surface (patina),
which gives the building a clear and characteristic design.
Zinc components are supplied as fluted sheets, coffered facade
elements, panels, shingles or diamonds.
Zinc is durable, non-combustible and can be recycled extremely
efficiently.
 ALUMINIUM FINISH
Aluminium composite panel (ACP), also aluminium composite
material (ACM), is a type of flat panel that consists of two thin
aluminium sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core. ACPs are
frequently used for external cladding or facades of buildings,
insulation, and signage.
 SPECIFICATION

•Aluminium Composite panels consist of a polyethylene inner core

with a 0.21mm thick aluminium laminate surface on both sides.

•A polyester treatment on these surfaces means no painting is

required and makes it ideal for screen and digital printing.

ACP is available in 3mm thickness, offering seven colours in the

2440mm x 1220mm sheet size and white in the 3000mm x
1500mm sheet size. ACP can be saw cut, cnc machined, drilled and
fabricated using our state-of-the-art machinery.
 APPLICATIONS

High temperature resistance (making it ideal for indoor and

outdoor use)
• rigidity
• lightweight
• signage
• shop fittings
• display
• exhibitions
 ADVANTAGES
These panels also provide structural value because they have a
combined water and air barrier.
They are durable and offer high load performance.
Less material is required for construction when these panels are
used.
The construction process is also easier with composite panels.
The composite panels are removable and this makes it easy for
building owners to refurbish at their convenience. The fact that
they are removable also offers greater design flexibility during
construction.
The panels require very little maintenance to remain in good
condition. A building owner or tenant will not spend much to
keep a building well maintained if they use composite panels.
 DISADVANTAGES

•One of the main drawbacks of composite panels is cost. This

means that while using the panels reduces construction time and
labor costs, they are more expensive compared to traditional
materials. The high cost limits the number of people who can use
the material.

•The composite panels are prone to dents especially during harsh

weather such as hurricanes and storms. Certain manufacturers try
to reinforce the panels by including some special materials to
make them less susceptible to damage.They offer a great barrier
to air and water but if you are using aluminum composite panels,
waterproofing is necessary to make sure moisture does not get in.
 TIMBER CLADDING

Timber cladding is an increasingly

popular choice for finishing the outside
of commercial and domestic properties.
Otherwise known as timber
weatherboarding or timber siding, it is an
attractive and economical way to finish
the exterior of both old and new
buildings. Naturally durable woods such
as larch and cedar provide a hard
wearing, protective layer against the
elements and they are excellent
insulators.Many different species of wood
are suitable for exterior timber
cladding because of their natural
resistance to decay.Imported timbers
Timber cladding can be used in many
forms to achieve a wide variety of
pattern, texture and colour ranging
from the use of shingles or shakes
through to prefinished panels.
However, the most common form of
timber cladding consists of boards laid
vertically, diagonally or horizontally
with either overlapping or flush faces.
If one adds to this the possible
variations in board width, surface
finish, profile shape, joint design, a
wide range of colours, as well as the
texture and character of unfinished
wood, then the versatility of timber
cladding becomes very apparent.
The plywood manufactured in India is
of standard sizes and thickness.
 SPECIFICATION

The top selling and most commonly manufactured plywood size in

India is 8 feet by 4 feet. Other sizes such as 8×3, 7×4, 7×3, 6×4 and
6×3 sq .feet are also manufactured.
The table below lists the standard plywood sizes in India in square
feet as well as lists the corresponding value in mm.

Corresponding size in mm (millimetres)

Plywood Size in sq.feet
(rounded up)

8′ x 4′ 2440 x 1220

8′ x 3′ 2440 x 920

7′ x 4′ 2140 x 1220

7′ x 3′ 2140 x 920

6′ x 4′ 1830 x 1220

6′ x 3′ 1830 x 920
The thickness of plywood sheets is also largely standardized and
measured in mm (millimetres).
The table below lists the thickness range available for the various
grades of plywood

Plywood grade Thickness in mm

MR grade (Moisture Resistant) 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm

BWR grade (Boiling Water Resistant) 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19, 25 mm

Shuttering plywood 6, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm

Blockboards* 19, 25 mm
 Advantages

* Ease of Installation -The relatively lightweight nature of timber

enables quick and effective installation of cladding.
* Durable – Timber cladding can last for several years when it is
properly maintained. It has a high impact resistance that helps to
reduce damage to your home.
* Energy Efficient – Timber has high insulation properties. It’s low
thermal conductivity is much lower than steel and concrete.
* Acoustics – Your choice of siding can help insulate your home.
There are some materials that allow noise from to filter right
through the walls into the house.
 DISADVANTAGES

Painting – Timber cladding requires regular painting or staining to

preserve its natural beauty and protect it from the elements.
Exposure to Elements – Timber is a natural material, and as such is
subject to a loss of quality or damage after being exposed to the
elements for a long time.
Fire Risk – Even if timber cladding is painted or sealed, it still
carries a risk of spreading fire, as it is a flammable material
 Wood Plastic Composites
Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) are produced by thoroughly
mixing ground wood particles and heated thermoplastic resin. The
most common method of production is to extrude the material
into the desired shape, though injection molding is also used.
The first impression is encompassing, and Every wood cladding
offers you the most natural looking, no upkeep solution for façade
cladding. Our cladding boards lend an attractive appearance of
wood, undifferentiating between contemporary or futuristically
looking residences and commercial buildings.
With hard wearing properties, cladding boards are available in a
host of wood colours, textured to the grained resemblance of
wood. With high UV stability, cladding boards do not fade and
require no maintenance, painting or sealing over extended life
 SPECIFICATION
Cladding boards are UV stable and give a natural appearance of
wood which does not need regular maintenance, painting or
sealing. Far more economical to other materials and quick to
install, WPC cladding is low cost with minimal recurring
maintenance costs.
Panel width : 300 mm (maximum)
Panel length : as per requirement through online cutting system
Panel height : 300 mm (maximum)
Panel sizes : 140 x 32, 150 x 30, 150 x 25, 148 x 30, 148 x 25, 145 x
30, 100 x 25, 160 x 60, 140 x 40, 250 x 30, 240 x 30 & many other
customized sizes
thickness range : 9 mm to 300 mm
Panel density : 650 Kg/m3 to 800 Kg/m3
 APPLICATION

Best to stand with high moisture and humidity level

Best to use as an exterior grade material
Can be processed like natural wood and solid wood
High impact strength
High tensile strength
Rough and tough material for all weather conditions
High load bearing capacity
Embossing for various surface patterns
Sanding for making wood alike finish.
 Advantage

* Durable: This type of board does provide excellent performance.

* Low maintenance cost: this type of board does attract lower
maintenance expenses.
* Environment friendly: it is from flour and plastic that the WPC
bard has been created and does not contain any toxic chemicals in
it at the time of processing. Moreover, it is within the EO class that
it has been rated environmentally as the board could be recycled
after use.Green environmental protection features are present
along with sustainable development.
* It is a very good cladding material and is highly weather
resistant. It is available in many colours and textures which add to
the beauty of the building.
It is a costly material but is effective in the long run.
 Disadvantages

* WPC is a new kind of environmentally friendly product, so there

is standardized quality standard system on the market at the
moment.
* Do not have the natural wood texture. The thermal transfer
technology
* Comparedandwithceiling
wood,membrane technology
it is not resistant fortemperature.
to high surface
treatment make the WPC with no natural feeling.
 STONE CLADDING

Stone cladding is a thin layer of real or

simulated stone applied to a building or
other structure made of a material other
than stone. Stone cladding is sometimes
applied to concrete and steel buildings as
part of their original architectural design.
Then, using a mortar mix, the stone
cladding would be affixed to the wall.
Alternatively, stone cladding can be a
natural stone that has been quarried and
then cut into thin pieces to reduce
weight. Being heavier, natural stone
cladding often needs mechanical fixing to
be adhered to substrates. Mechanical
fixing could be using shelf angles, or
 SPECIFICATION

For exterior facades,

Size: 600x150mm (interlocking 4 row design)
Depth: 8-15mm
Material: Slate Natural Stone
Finish: Natural
Colour variation: Moderate
Sealing required: Yes
Suitability: Outdoor use in domestic or commercial areas.
 Advantages

* Natural stone has a very pleasing and natural aesthetic impact

bringing one close to nature.
* Natural Stone is an eco-friendly material.
* Natural stones like granite and slate are a very strong and
impervious material.
 Disadvantages

* Most of the natural stones are highly porous and absorb the
stain marks very easily. Such natural materials have to be sealed
properly and resins must be used to close all the pores of the
stone.
* Some stones are soft , brittle and very susceptible to chipping,
developing cracks and breaking. Stones like Italian marble , onyx
and travertine develop cracks very easily.
 TERRACOTTA CLADDING
Terracotta cladding is a 100%
natural material composed of
clay, made using fire and water.
Terracotta cladding is used to
create striking facade designs in
combination with other materials
like glass, stone surfaces, paint
etc. It is an alternate to exposed
brick masonry which is widely
used for the exteriors of the
building. The exposed brick
masonry might look very untidy,
rough, and rugged with unclean
lines. Terracotta cladding can give
the look of exposed bricks with a
 Characteristics

The other characteristics of terracotta tiles are –

* Durable and resistant to ultraviolet radiation. It does not fade in
sunlight.
* It is a recyclable, sustainable and Eco –friendly material.
* Allows fast and easy application.
* It has low water absorption properties and is weather resistant.
* It has energy saving properties and prevents absorption of heat
into the interiors.
* Good acoustic properties by reducing the level of sound
absorption.
* It is a non-flammable material and has a very good fire
resistance.
* Gives a very good aesthetic appeal. It is used in both modern
buildings and in heritage buildings.
 BIBILOGRAPHY

https://www.homify.co.uk/ideabooks/4145093/8-materials-perfect-for-exterior-facades
http://www.ksquarearchitects.com/materials-used-facades/
https://www.wfm.co.in/post/what-is-terracotta-cladding/
https://www.gip-fassade.com/en/applications/facade-systems-with-metal-panels/zinc
THANK YOU