RUNOFF,

HYDROGRAPHS,
FLOODS,
FLOOD ROUTING
SURFACE RUNOFF
What is surface runoff?

Surface runoff (also

known as overland flow)
is the flow of water that
occurs when excess
storm water, melt water,
or other sources flows
over the Earth's surface.
 What is runoff
coefficient?

The percentage of precipitation that appears as runoff.

The value of the coefficient is determined on the basis of
climatic conditions and physiographic characteristics of
the drainage area and is expressed as a constant
between zero and one. Symbol: C.
Rational Method
Equation
 Example Calculation

Consider a section of a downtown business area of 35,400 square feet

that drains to a particular storm water inlet. The runoff coefficient for this
drainage area has been estimated to be 0.85. Based on a specified design
return period and the time of concentration of the drainage area, the
design storm intensity has been determined to be 5.1 in/hr. What is the
peak runoff rate from this area to be used for design of the storm water
inlet?

Solution: q = CiA = (0.85)(5.1)(35,400/43,560) cfs = 3.52 cfs.

HYDROGRAPHS
 What is hydrograph?

is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time

past a specific point in a river, or other channel or conduit
carrying flow.

It can also refer to a graph showing the volume of water

reaching a particular outfall.

graphs are commonly used in the design of sewerage, more

specifically, the design of surface water sewerage systems
and combined sewers.
 Components of
Hydrograph
Rising limb
Recession (or falling) limb
Peak discharge
Lag time
Time to peak
Discharge
Factors to consider when
explaining a hydrography:
FLOODS
 What is a flood?

A flood is an unusually high stage in a river – normally the

level at which the river overflows its banks and inundates
the adjoining area.
FLOOD ROUTING
 What is flood routing?

Flood routing is the technique of determining

the flood hydrograph at a section of a river by
utilizing the data of flood flow at one or more
upstream sections.
 Why is flood routing
important?

Reservoir Management

Environmental Stewardship

Flood Preparation and Response

Agriculture