LOGO

JJ615 – MECHANICAL
COMPONENTS &
MAINTENANCE

CHAPTER 2
LUBRICATION

PREPAREDE BY:
MD NAJIP BIN TALIBIN
 Course Learning Outcomes

.
Upon 1
completion of this course, students should be
able to:
2
Classify clearly the basic concept of mechanical
components.

4
 Contents

1 Lubrication Principle.

2 Fluid Management.

3 Lubrication Protection.

4 Lubricating Devices & System.

54 Lubricating Program Plan & Implementation.

1 Lubrication Principle

1 LUBRICATION
To reduce friction between any
2 two relatively moving or
sliding surfaces by the
interposition
of4 a lubricant between them.

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1 Lubrication Principle

What is Lubrication?
1
Lubrication is the act of applying lubricants and
lubrication substances which are capable of
2
reducing friction between moving mechanical
parts
Meta l Sub stra te

Meta l Sub stra te

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 1 Lubrication Principle

Types of Lubrication
1

 Fluid or Hydrodynamic
2 Lubrication
 Thin Film or Boundary Lubrication
 Extreme Pressure Lubrication

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 1 Lubrication Principle

Hydrodynamic
1
Here a thick film of a
lubricating oil
2 is interposed
between sliding surfaces to
avoid direct metal to metal
contact

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1 Lubrication Principle

Extreme Pressure
In this case machines operate
at high pressure and high
temperature and speed hence,
ordinary lubricants cannot stick
to metal surface so additives
which are organic compounds
containing sulphur chlorine
and phophate
1 Lubrication Principle

Types of Lubricants

 Solid Lubricants
 Semi-solid Lubricants
 Liquid Lubricants
 Emulsion Lubricants
1 Lubrication Principle

Properties Of Lubricants
Viscosity Index
Oiliness
Volatility
Flashand Fire Point
Cloud Point And Pour Point
Emulsification
Carbon Residue
Aniline Point
Saponification Number
1 Lubrication Principle

Viscosity Index

The viscosity index (V.I.) of an oil is a number

that indicates the effect of temperature changes
on the viscosity of the oil. A low V.I.
signifies relatively large change of viscosity
With changes
of temperature. In other words, the oil becom
es extremely thin at high temperatures and
extremely thick at low temperatures. On the other
hand, a
high V.I. signifies relatively little change in
viscosity over a wide temperature range.
 Motor Oil Characteristics

•Oil Viscosity/SAE
•Ease which oil flows
•S.A.E Rating (Society of Automotive Engineers)

•Service Rating/API
•Oil Quality
•A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute)

•Other Fluids & Lubricants

12
1 Lubrication Principle
1 Lubrication Principle

Asperities - Formidable
1
All surfaces, no matter how smooth they may
appear to the unaided eye, when sufficiently
2
magnified are rough and uneven. This
unevenness is know as asperities.

4 Asperities

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1 Lubrication Principle

3 Common Types of Wear as a Result of Friction

(1) ABRASIVE WEAR (3) SURFACE FATIGUE
1 Stress Risers

Cutting away
2

Denting Affect
(2) ADHESION
Weld Junctions *High pressure pump
4
*Bearings
*Gears
*Rings & cylinders
*Valves
Surface Roughness *Seals 12-15
 1 Lubrication Principle

Tribology
1
Since the late 1960’s the field of Tribology – the study of
friction, wear and lubrication in fluid systems - has
developed 2sophisticated tests to gain much knowledge into
the effects of friction and ways to reduce friction in order
to reduce wear, heat and particle contamination.

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 1 Lubrication Principle

The Problem
1
 Friction and heat cause the destruction of asperities
resulting in metal particles interrupting the oil film
between2two surfaces generating more particles

 These particles react with moisture, impurities and

lubricant additives creating corrosive acids that
further pit the surface creating new asperities
4
 These acids oxidize the lubricant, accelerate wear
and rapidly deteriorate the functions of the lubricant
resulting in the 3-common wears in the fluid system
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1 Lubrication Principle

1) Friction Reduction
1 2) Seal
3) Heat removal
2 4) Cleanse
5) Absorb Shock

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2 Fluid Management

Apply four essential components in a fluid

1
management program.

a. Selection
2 and purchase of lubrication
b. Lubrication monitoring during use
c. Lubricant maintenance using processing
d. Refortification techniques
e. Disposal of the spent lubricant.
4

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3 Lubrication Protection

1
Organize lubrication protection in term of location
2
and personal, facilities for handling container,
lighting, bulk storage, and fire protection.

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4 Lubricating Devices & System

1
2.4.1 Evaluate effectiveness lubricate such as select
right lubricant
2 type, place, amount and time to use.

2.4.2 Choose suitable lubricating devices system

based on equipment or mechanical components.

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 Lubricating Program Plan &
5
Implementation

2.5.1 Determine
1 lubricating program.

a.The plant lubrication survey.

2
b.Establishment of lubrication schedules and
improvements in selection and application of
lubrication.
c.Lubrication analysis
4
2.5.2 Identify activities required

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