MEIOSIS, GENETIC RECOMBINATION AND

VARIATION OF GAMETES, AND GAMETE

FORMATION

Group 5
Andra Djasefino 1510424007
Eka Yuliastuti 1810421014
Annisa Vitri 1810421032
Tasyia Puti Brigita 1810422032
Tiara Chelia Pratiwi 1810423004
 MEIOSIS
• Meiosis is a process where a
single cell divides twice to
produce four cells containing half
the original amount of genetic
information. These cells are our
sex cells
• sperm in males, eggs in females.
• Diploid (2n)->haploid (n)
• Two division (meiosis I) (meiosisII)
MEIOSIS 1 (four phases)
1) Prophase I
2) Metaphase I
3) Anaphase I
4) Telophase I
 PROPHASE 1
- Longest and most complex phase (90%)
- Chromosomes condense
- Synapsis occurs – Homologous chromosomes
come together to form a tetrad
- Tedrad is two chromosomes or four
chromatids (sister and non sister chromatids)
 METAPHASE I
• Shortest Phase
• Tetrads align on the equator
• Indenpendent assortment occurs –
chromosomes seperate randomly causing
genetic recombination
 ANAPHASE I
• Homologous chromosomes seperate and
move towards the poles
• Sister chromatids remain attached at their
chromosomes
 Telophase I
• Each pole now has haploid set of
chromosomes
• Cytokinesis occurs and two haploid daughter
cells are formed
Telophase I
 Meiosis II
• No Interphase II
No more DNA replication
 Prophase II
• Same as prophase in mitosis
 Metaphase II
• Same as metaphase in mitosis
 Anaphase II
• Same as anaphase in mitosis
• Sister chromatids separate
 Telophase II
• Nuclei form
• Cytokinesis occurs
* 4 haploid daughter cells produced
* gametes : sperm or egg
Telophase II
Variation of Gamets and Gametes
Formation
 Homologous Chromosomes
• Pair of chromosomes (maternal and paternal)
that are similar in shape and size
• Homologous pairs(tetrads) carry genes
controlling the same inherit traits
• Each locus is in the same position on
homologous
• Humans have 23 pairs of homologous
chromosomes
21 trisomy Down Syndrome
Sex Chromosomes
 Crossing Over
• Crossing over may occur between nonsister
chromatids at the clasmata
• Crossing over : segments pf nonsister
chromatids break and reattach to the other
chromatid
• Chlasmata(chalsma) are the sites of crossing
over
 REFERENCES
Adisoemarto, soenartono. 1988. Genetika Edisi
Ketiga. Erlangga : Jakarta
Kimball, J. W. 1992. Biologi Jilid 1. Penerbit
Erlangga:Jakarta.
Pai, C. Anna. 1987. Dasar-dasar Genetika.
Jakarta : Erlangga.