SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE & TITTLE: 16ME260 & PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY REPORT SEMESTER:3

INTRODUCTION
IRON
Iron isa chemicalelement with symbol Fe and atomic
number 26. It is a metal, that belongs to the first transition
series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is by mass the
most common element on Earth, forming much of
Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most
common element in the Earth's crust.
Pure iron is very rare on the Earth's crust, basically being
limited to meteorites. Iron ores are quite abundant, but
extracting usable metal from them
requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching 1500 °C or
higher, about 500 °C higher than what is enough
to smelt cop
•Smelting: The pellets are smelted in a furnace along with
coke—coal that has been processed into almost pure
carbon—and limestone. The intense heat breaks the iron-
oxygen bonds in the ore, releasing the oxygen as gas, which
bonds with carbon gas being released from the burning coke
to form CO2 (carbon dioxide). The CO2 escapes from the top
of the furnace, and the iron, now free of the oxygen, melts (at
about 2,800°F) and collects at the bottom of the furnace. The
limestone also melts and bonds with impurities to form molten
waste known as slag. Slag is lighter than iron, and it’s
continuously removed from the top of the furnace.
China CONCLUSION
China is by far the largest producer, consumer, and importer
of Iron ore. In 2015 it produced 1.3 billion tons of iron ore
equivalents to 44% of the world’s output. In 2014, China
•The product of this process is the iron alloy pig iron. It has a
produced 1.5 billion tons of crude ore extracted mainly in relatively high carbon content of around 5 percent, which
Hebei and Liaoning provinces of mainland China. Other
makes it very brittle, and pig iron is therefore mostly useless
regions include Shanxi, Beijing, and parts of Inner Mongolia. except in the manufacture of other iron alloys, especially
steel.
Australia
Australia comes as the second largest producer of Iron ore
and has the world’s biggest deposits. The mineral is mainly in
the Western Australia in the regions of Pilbara, which
represents 95% of Australia’s iron ore. The region forms three
of the eleven biggest mining operations in the world. In 2015,
Australia produced 824 million tons of iron ore and in 2014
was 774 million tons which represent more than 20% of the
global output.

Iron Ore
METHODOLOGY FINDINGS Production (in REFERENCE(S)
Rank Country
thousands of
Brazil Lambert, ark. Spotlight on Iron and Steel. Rourke
metric tons)
Brazil is the third largest producer of iron ore producing EnterprisesM, 1988.
428 million tons in 2015 and 411 million tons in 2014. The Hartley, Edward N. Iron and Steel Works of the
•Preparation: After being mined, iron ore is crushed into a
powder. Huge magnetic drums are then used to separate iron- 2015 output represents 12% of the world’s production. World. International Publication, 1987.
Brazil has the second largest deposits of iron ore in the Lewis, W. David. Iron and Steel in America. Hagley Museum,
poor from iron-rich ore. (The iron-rich ore sticks to the drums; 1 China 1,380,000
world. The mineral is mined mainly in Minas Gerais and 1986.
the rest falls away.) The iron-rich powder is mixed with clay
and made into marble-sized pellets, which are then heat- Para states. Carajas is the world’s biggest iron ore mine Walker, R. D. Modern Ironmaking Methods. Gower
owned by Vale the Brazil’s industry giant. 2 Australia 824,000 Publication, 1986.
hardened. That allows for more efficient burning during the
3 Brazil 428,000 — Joel Simon
next step, smelting.
India
In the past, India has been a world leader, but now the 4 India 129,000
fourth largest producer. 95% of the country's iron ore come 5 Russia 112,000
from Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Goa, and Karnataka. The biggest deposits in the country
6 Ukraine 68,000
are in Orissa state. In 2015, India produced 129 million
tons which were similar to 2014 figures. 7 South Africa 80,000

Russia
Russia is the fifth largest producer, and in 2015 it 8 United States 43,000
produced 112 million tons of crude iron ore up from 102
million tons in 2014. Most of the county’s iron ore is in 9 Canada 39,000
Central Russia, and the rest come from Siberia and the PRESENTED BY
10 Sweden 37,000
Urals.

1. P.Mouleeswaran-1804131
2. M. Hari haran -1804048
3. K.Manoj Mahalingam-1804122

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