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A World Class Energy Company

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


• Prehistoric
– Material from nature was utilized for daily life (stone,
wood, animal skin, clay etc)

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


• 10th Century
– Ceramics and attractive metals are used for household and decorative means.

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


• 18th Century
– More metallic material is used for weapon

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


• 19th Century
– Iron and Steel led the Industrial Revolution
– Manufacturing Process is introduced in this era

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


• 20th Century
– Limited iron & steel sources increase investment on non metallic
material R&D such as Polymer, Ceramic & Composite

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI BONTANG 7
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI BONTANG 8
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI BONTANG 9
SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY
Metallic Elements Metallic & Non
Non Organic Elements
Good Conductor Metallic Elements
Bad Conductor
Good Appearance Good Isolator
Massive Molecule
Strong but Formable Hard but Brittle
Low Density
Use for structure High Temp Resistant

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY
White Iron
Iron Grey Iron
Metallic Ferrous Nodular Iron
Malleable Iron

Carbon Steel
Steel
Alloy Steel

Cu, Al, Ni, Mg, Ti, Sn,


Non Ferrous
Zn, Mo, Cr, Pt, etc

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


Crystalline
Non Metallic Ceramic
Non Crystalline

Thermoplastic
Polymer Thermosetting
Rubber

Composite

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


Any question…?

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY


Next Chapter is…. IRON & STEEL MAKING

SINERGY – Safety, health & environment – INnovative – profEssional – integRity – diGnitY

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