FIRST AID

First Aid
 Consent
 Korban sadar
 Korban tidak sadar
 Anak-anak
 Penurunan status mental
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (Initial assessment)
 Mencari pertolongan
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Memberikan Pertolongan pertama
 Reassess Berkala
 Merujuk ke layanan kesehatan
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Mencari pertolongan
 Secondary Survey (assessment)  D
 Memberikan pertolongan pertama
 R
 Reassess Berkala
 s
 Merujuk ke layanan kesehatan
 A
 B
 C
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Mencari pertolongan
 Secondary Survey (assessment)  Dangers
 Memberikan pertolongan pertama
 R
 Reassess Berkala
 s
 Merujuk ke layanan kesehatan
 A
 B
 C
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)

 AVPU scale
 Dangers
 Alert and aware
 Response
 Responds to Verbal stimuli
 Responds to Painful stimuli  s
 Unresponsive  A
 B
 C
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)  Dangers
 Provide first aid
 Response
 Reassess regularly
 shout for help
 Transport to health care facility
 A
 B
 C
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)  Dangers
 Provide first aid
 Response
 Reassess regularly
 shout for help
 Transport to health care facility
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid
 Reassess regularly
 Transport to health care facility
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Europe 112
 Get help  Local 155

 Helth care facility 4444

 What happened
 How many victims
 Where
 Who
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid  A
 Reassess regularly
 B
 Transport to health care facility
 C
 D
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Airway
 B
 C
 Head tilt – chin lift method  D
 Jaw thrust method
 Nasopharingeal Airway
 E
 Airway definitive (ETT)
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Airway
 Rate
 Normal respiration 12 - 20  Breathing
 Bradypnea 
 C
 Tachypnea 
 Apnea  D
 Depth
 Ease
 E
 Noise
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid  Airway
 Reassess regularly
 Breathing
 Transport to health care facility
 Circulation
 D
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Rate  Airway
 Normal HR 60 - 90
 Bradycardia 
 Breathing
 Tachycardia   Circulation
 Strength
 Rhythm  D
 Arrythmia
 E
 Skin colour
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Airway
 Systemic BP
 Breathing
 Normal BP 120–140 / 60-80  Circulation
 Hypertension 
 D
 Hypotension 
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid  Airway
 Reassess regularly
 Breathing
 Transport to health care facility
 Circulation
 Disability
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Mental status
 Pupils
 Extremities

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 Disability
 E
 ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Mental status: Glasgow Coma Scale  Eye opening
 Spontaneously 4
 Pupils  To Speach 3
 To Pain 2
 Extremities  None 1

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Verbal response
 Orientated 5
 Airway
 Confused 4
 Inappropriate words 3  Breathing
 Incomprehensible sounds 2
 None 1
 Circulation
 Motor response
 Obeys verbal commands 6  Disability
 Localising pain 5


Withdraws
Flexing to pain
from pain stimuli 4
3  E
 Extension to pain 2
 No response 1
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 GCS
 Pupils
 Extremities

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Shape  Airway
 Equality
 Breathing
 Response to light
 Circulation
 PEARL  Disability
 Pupils Equal And Reacting to Light
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 GCS
 PEARL
 Extremities

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 CSM  Airway
 Circulation  Breathing
 Sensation
 Circulation
 Movement
 Disability
 E
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid  Airway
 Reassess regularly
 Breathing
 Transport to health care facility
 Circulation
 Disability
 Exposure, Everything Else
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Physical exam
 Victim‘s chief complaint
 Head to toe examination
 Victim‘s history
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 Disability
 Exposure, Everything Else
 ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Physical exam
 Victim‘s chief complaint
 Head to toe examination
 Victim‘s history
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Airway
 Breathing
 DOTS
 Deformity  Circulation
 Open wounds
 Tenderness
 Disability
 Swelling  Exposure, Everything Else
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Physical exam
 Victim‘s chief complaint
 Head to toe examination
 Victim‘s history (SAMPLE history)

 Secondary Survey (assessment)

 Airway
 Symptoms  Breathing
 Allergies
 Medications
 Circulation
 Past medical history  Disability
 Last oral intake
 Exposure, Everything Else
 Events leading up to the illness or injury
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid
 Reassess regularly
 Transport to health care facility
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid
 Reassess regularly
 Transport to health care facility

 Recovery position
ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY
 Primary Survey (assessment)
 Get help
 Secondary Survey (assessment)
 Provide first aid
 Reassess regularly
 Transport to health care facility
 RESOURCES

 National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR.

 Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL T

ECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier
 Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET
. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett