COMPUTER

SPECIFICATION
• Computer hardware specifications are technical descriptions of the
computer's components and capabilities. Processor speed, model and
manufacturer. Processor speed is typically indicated in gigahertz
(GHz). The higher the number, the faster the computer. Random
Access Memory (RAM), This is typically indicated in gigabytes (GB).
The more RAM in a computer the more it can do simultaneously. Hard
disk (sometimes called ROM) space. This is typically indicated in
gigabytes (GB) and refers generally to the amount of information (like
documents, music and other data) your computer can hold. Other
specifications might include network (ethernet or wi-fi) adapters or
audio and video capabilities.
COMPUTER HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS ARE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE
COMPUTER'S COMPONENTS AND CAPABILITIES.
• Processor speed, model and manufacturer. Processor speed is typically
indicated in gigahertz (GHz). The higher the number, the faster the
computer.
• Random Access Memory (RAM), This is typically indicated in gigabytes
(GB). The more RAM in a computer the more it can do simultaneously.
• Hard disk (sometimes called ROM) space. This is typically indicated in
gigabytes (GB) and refers generally to the amount of information (like
documents, music and other data) your computer can hold.
• Other specifications might include network (ethernet or wi-fi) adapters or
audio and video capabilities.
 PROCESSORS
• A processor or micro-processor is the 'brains' of a computer system. It is the processor that
controls the working of all of the hardware and software.
• The processor is sometimes referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
• There are many processors available and processor specification is usually one of the first things
considered when buying a new personal computer (PC). The type of processor and its speed have
the greatest impact on the overall performance of a computer system. Processor performance is
related directly to its speed of operation and its architecture
• Competition among processor manufacturers is fierce and because of this there is a wide and
diverse choice of processors in the market place. Processor manufacturers, such
as Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) are continually developing more advanced
processors and new models are released within the space of months rather than years. This is in
stark contrast to earlier processor developments, such as the 8086, 80286 and 80386 which were
released years apart.
 MANUFACTURERS/DESIGNERS
• Intel
• AMDVIA
• Marvell
• Global Foundries
• Media Tek
• Atmel
• Freescale
• MSNCC-Microcell
• Transmeta
• Cyrix
• Rockchip
• Qualcomm
• NVIDIA
• IBM
• Samsung
• Motorola
• Hewlett-Packard (hp)
• Dell
 MEMORY RAM
• Random Access Memory, or RAM (pronounced as ramm), is the
physical hardware inside a computer that temporarily stores data,
serving as the computer's "working" memory.
• Additional RAM allows a computer to work with more information at
the same time, which usually has a considerable effect on total
system performance.
 FUNCTIONS
• A computer's Random Access Memory stores data for short-term use. RAM
works in conjunction with the hard drive, which takes care of long-term
storage, to provide quick access to files that the computer is actively reading
or writing. Unlike hard drive memory, however, program data stored in RAM is
erased when you reboot the computer or when another program needs the
space for its own use
 HARD DRIVE
• A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as hard drive, HD, or HDD) is
a non-volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves
data on a computer. A hard drive is a secondary storage device that consists
of one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic head, all
inside of an air-sealed casing. Internal hard disks reside in a drive
bay, connect to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable, and are
powered by a connection to the PSU (power supply unit).
HARD DRIVE COMPONENTS
 MONITORS
• Monitors are display devices external to the computer case and connect via a cable
to a port on the video card or motherboard. Even though the monitor sits outside the
main computer housing, it is an essential part of the complete system.
• Monitors come in two major types — LCD or CRT, but others exist, too, like OLED. CRT
monitors look much like old-fashioned televisions and are very deep in size. LCD
monitors are much thinner, use less energy, and provide a greater graphics quality.
OLED is an improvement on LCD that provides even better color and and viewing
angles but also requires more power.
 TYPES OF MONITORS
Cathode Ray Tube monitors (CRT Monitors) are the conventional
computers, large in size and have wide viewing angles. The working
process of CRT is very simple in which the Cathode Ray Tube moves
an electron gun to and fro across the screen. The beam collides on
the phosphor dots present on the screen and emits light. The beam
actives the pixels and makes an image on the screen.
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DIODE MONITORS
• An LCD monitor is the advanced form of
CRT monitors. A Cold cathode ray, the
fluorescent panel are two major
components of the LCD. The cold cathode
ray technology is used in LCD which emits
electrons and light up the fluorescent coated
monitor screen. The process is known as
backlighting. The second component is
a fluorescent panel, which is made of
liquid crystal. Liquid Crystal determines is
current sensitive and determines the number
of electrons to pass through the screen to
make the shape and image of an object.
 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE MONITORS
• Light Emitting Diode (LED) is an improved
version of LCD monitor and manufacturers
have tried to eliminate the drawbacks of
LCD monitors. The both monitors are based
on the same display technology and
provide better resolution. However, the
difference comes on backlighting as LCD
monitors use Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light
and LED monitors are based on light
emitting diode. The backlighting impacts
badly on the image and decreases its
sharpness and brightness. WLED and RGB
LED are the two types of LED monitors,
depending on the way LED placed in the
panel.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
• An operating system or OS is software installed on a computer's
the hard drive that enables computer hardware to communicate
with and run computer programs. Without an operating system, a
computer and software programs would be useless. The picture to
the right is an example of Microsoft Windows XP, a popular
operating system.
OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES
• GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI operating system contains graphics and icons and is
commonly navigated by using a computer mouse. See the GUI definition for further information.
Examples of GUI operating systems are:
• System 7.x
Windows 98
Windows CE

• Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the
same time and different times. See the multi-user definition for a complete definition. Examples of
operating systems that would fall into this category are:
• Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
• Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor. Examples of operating systems that would fall into this category are:
• Linux
Unix
Windows XP
• Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the
same time. Examples of operating systems that would fall into this category are:
• Linux
Unix
Windows 8
• Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently.
Examples of operating systems that would fall into this category are:
• Linux
Unix
Windows XP