GESTALT PRINCIPLES

VISUAL SUBMITTED TO: PROF. PRASHANT VERMA

STORY
Submitted By: Soumya Chakraborty, 161
TELLING
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Gestalt Principles
• Gestalt psychology or Gestaltism is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin
School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is the attempt to
understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful
perceptions in an apparently chaotic world.
• The Gestalt Principles of grouping represent the culmination of the work of
early psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler, who
sought to understand how humans typically gain meaningful perceptions
from chaotic stimuli around them.
• Wertheimer and company identified a set of laws addressing this natural
compulsion to seek order amid disorder, where the mind “informs” what
the eye sees by making sense of a series of elements as an image, or
illusion.

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 The law of proximity states that when an individual
perceives an assortment of objects, they perceive
objects that are close to each other as forming a
group. This law is often used in advertising logos to
emphasize which aspects of events are associated.

Law of
Proximity

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Law of similarity
• The law of similarity states that elements within
an assortment of objects are perceptually
grouped together if they are similar to each other.
This similarity can occur in the form of shape,
colour, shading or other qualities. For example,
the figure illustrating the law of similarity
portrays 36 circles all equal distance apart from
one another forming a square. In this depiction,
18 of the circles are shaded dark, and 18 of the
circles are shaded light. We perceive the dark
circles as grouped together and the light circles as
grouped together, forming six horizontal lines
within the square of circles. This perception of
lines is due to the law of similarity.
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Law of closure
• The law of closure states that individuals perceive
objects such as shapes, letters, pictures, etc., as being
whole when they are not complete. Specifically, when
parts of a whole picture are missing, our perception
fills in the visual gap. Research shows that the reason
the mind completes a regular figure that is not
perceived through sensation is to increase the
regularity of surrounding stimuli. For example, the
figure that depicts the law of closure portrays what we
perceive as a circle on the left side of the image and a
rectangle on the right side of the image. However, gaps
are present in the shapes. If the law of closure did not
exist, the image would depict an assortment of
different lines with different lengths, rotations, and
curvatures—but with the law of closure, we
perceptually combine the lines into whole shapes.

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Law of symmetry
• The law of symmetry states that the mind
perceives objects as being symmetrical and
forming around a centre point. It is
perceptually pleasing to divide objects into an
even number of symmetrical parts. Therefore,
when two symmetrical elements are
unconnected the mind perceptually connects
them to form a coherent shape. Similarities
between symmetrical objects increase the
likelihood that objects are grouped to form a
combined symmetrical object. For example,
the figure depicting the law of symmetry
shows a configuration of square and curled
brackets. When the image is perceived, we
tend to observe three pairs of symmetrical
brackets rather than six individual brackets.

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Law of common fate

• The law of common fate states

that objects are perceived as
lines that move along the
smoothest path. We perceive
elements of objects to have
trends of motion, which indicate
the path that the object is on.
• For Better Understanding of
Gestalt principles watch this
video

Presentation By SCsix Soumya Chakraborty 7

FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF GESTALT PRINCIPLES WATCH THIS VIDEO

YouTube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGSOOTacu-I

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