EED 14: Teaching P.E & Health in Elem.

Grade
BY: KIMBERLY RIOBOCA CARAEL
THEORIES OF
LEARNING
Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• •Explain the theories of learning affecting the teaching of
physical education
• •Illustrate how basic principles of learning can have
meaning or implication in the area of physical education
• •Analyze some of the recent views on learning which
have implications to physical education.
STOP, LOOK, AND
ANALYZE!
PONDER ON THE
FOLLOWING PICTURE
THEORIES OF LEARNING

The function of any theory is to provide a framework

to explain under what conditions learning occurs, how
knowledges and skills are retained, and in the case of
performing motor skills, how one achieves the best
performance possible.
Stimulus - Response Theory
(Associative Theory)/ Connectionism

•learning takes place by

conditioning a response to a
stimulus.
•emphasizes that when an
individual is stimulated to perform
an act or response and this act of
response is accompanied by pleasure
or satisfaction, he will remember
and also repeat the act.
• Focused on testing relationship
between stimulus and response EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE
(classical conditioning)
• Define learning as a habit
formation Practice drill or habit
 Thorndike’s Laws of Learning

1. Law of Readiness (motivation)

2. Law of Exercises
3. Law of Effect

EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE

Cognitive Theory of the cognitivist paradigm argues that
Learning (Field Theory) the “black box” of the mind should
be opened and understood. the
 learner is viewed as an information
Gestalt theory was the initial processer like computer.
cognitive response to
behaviorism. It emphasized the
importance of sensory wholes and
the dynamic nature of visual
perception.
The term Gestalt, means “form”
or “configuration”
• Wolfghang Kohler , Max
Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka
• Suggest that learners should
actively process and
restructure data. (Perceptual
Process)
• focuses on the individual
•an individual learns a task as a meaningful whole rather than as a series of related parts
• The way we form our perception are guided by certain proinciples or laws.
• Gestalt- whole is diff. from sum of its part. Whole is greater from sum of its part

GESTALT CONCLUSION
1. Learners are actively engage
2. Process data or perceptual process
3. Pass experience need attitudes and once present situation can affect perception

•Jerome Bruner - discovery approach - teacher places the students in situations in which
insight determines solution to the problem
GESTALT PRINCIPLE According to the gestalt psychologists, the way we form our perceptions are
guided by certain principles or laws. These principles or laws determine what we
see or make things or situation
Law of Proximity

Elements that are closer together Law of Closure

will perceived as coherent object.
We tend to fill the gaps or “close” the figures we
perceive. We enclose a space -by completing a contour
Law of Similarity and ignoring gaps in the figure.

The Law of Similarity captures the

idea that when we look at objects that
are similar to each other, we tend to
group them together..
Law of Good Pragnanz
This law holds that objects in the
environment are seen in a way that
makes them appear as a simple as
possible.
Law of Good Continuation
Individuals have the tendency to continue contours
whenever the elements of the pattern establish an
implied direction. People tend to draw a good
continuous line.
Law of Figure/Ground
We tend to pay attention and
perceive things in the foreground first.
A stimulus will be perceived as
separate from its ground.
Law of Proximity

Elements that are closer together

will perceived as coherent object.
Law of Similarity

The Law of Similarity captures the

idea that when we look at objects that
are similar to each other, we tend to
group them together..
Law of Closure

We tend to fill the gaps or “close” the figures we

perceive. We enclose a space -by completing a contour
and ignoring gaps in the figure.
Law of Good Continuation

Individuals have the tendency to continue contours

whenever the elements of the pattern establish an
implied direction. People tend to draw a good
continuous line.
Law of Good Pragnanz
This law holds that objects in the
environment are seen in a way that
makes them appear as a simple as
possible.
Law of Figure/Ground
We tend to pay attention and
perceive things in the foreground first.
A stimulus will be perceived as
separate from its ground.
 Insight Learning

The idea of insight learning was first developed by Wolfgang

Kohler in which he describes experiments with apes where the
apes could use boxes and sticks as tools to solve problems.
In each of these problems, the important aspect of learning was
not reinforcement, but the coordination of thinking to create new
organizations (of material). Kohler referred to this behavior as
insights or discovery learning.

• The capacity to discern the true nature of situation

• Gaining insight is a gradual process of exploring, analyzing and
structuring perception until a sulotion is arrived at.
• Insight depends on: Experience, Intelligence, learning situation,
innitial efforts, repetition, and generalization.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

1. Each learner is a unique individual

2. The learner learns as a whole
individual.
3. Learning is an active process.
4. The child learns in terms of his
maturity