Unit

3.2

COGNITIVE
PERSPECTIVE
Modul
e 9:

PSYCHOLO
GY
ERLYN G. MANGADLAO
Reporter
• the forefront of the cognitive
psychology.
– The foundation of the cognitive perspective
to learning.
– The external and mechanistic focus of
behaviorism.
– The mental processes and products of
perception.
OLD MAN OR TWO PEOPLE
LADY OR OLD WOMAN
BIRD OR LEAVES
HORSE OR LADY
OLD COUPLE OR YOUNG PEOPLE
 Was your experience in figuring
WHAT Out the picture?
Helped you perceived the
WHAT interesting pictures?
Did you go about examining the
HOW pictures?
 THEORY
Was the initial
cognitive
Term gestalt
responded to means:
behaviorism.
Emphasized the
importance of sensory “Form” or
wholes and the “Configuration”
dynamic nature of
visual perception.
 GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS
Max Wertheimer Kurt Koffka
(1880 – 1943) (1887 – 1941)

Kurt Lewin
Wolfgang
(1890 – 1947)
Köhler
(1887 - 1967 )
 Certain Factors Impact on this
perceptual process.
• Past experiences
• Needs
• Attitudes
• and One’s Present
situation
– can affect his
perception.
PRINCIPLES
PRAGNANZ
Law of Proximity
Elements that
are closer
together will
be perceived
as a coherent
object.
Law of Similarity
Elements that
look similar
will be
perceived as
part of the
same form.
Law of Closure

occurs when an
object is
incomplete or a
space is not
completely
enclosed.
Law of Continuation

occurs when the

eye is compelled to
move through one
object and
continue to
another object.
Law of Pragnanz

Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest

form possible.
Law of Figure/Ground
We pay attention
and perceive things
in the foreground
first.
 The important aspect of learning was
not reinforcement, but the coordination of
thinking to create new organizations.
Kohler referred to this behavior as
insight or discovery learning.
Creative Gestalt Good
thought laws learning
Thank
you!