Comparative Analysis for Primary vs. Secondary Source -Tabon Man Primary Source Secondary Source • Robert B. Fox. The • William Henry Scott, Tabon Cave: Prehispanic Source Archaeological Materials for the Exploration and study of the Excavation on Philippine History Palawan Island, Philippines Authors Background • In author’s • It means you going background, you are anything the going write increases or decrease something about the the credibility as an author (it can his/her the author occupation) which make him reliable or credible or not. Authors Background Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott Profession: Profession: • Anthropologist • Historian Role of an Role of a Historian: Anthropologist: • Specialize in investigation and • Specialize in analysis of competing discovery of human ideas, facts, and remains and artifacts purported facts When was the account written? • The date of first publication of the said paper or source (account) which will affect the reliability of the author especially who comes first than the other one. When was the account written? Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott • 1965 – Philippine • 1968 – University of Journal of Science Santo Tomas Mention of Date(s) • The date(s) mentioned in the account which will affect the reliability of the account itself especially the difference of date of the two accounts. Mention of Date(s) Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 1. June and July 1962 - • 7,000 B.C, 20,000 Initial Excavations of B.C., 28,000 B.C. – Tabon cave existence of Homo conducted by the Sapiens author himself. • 45,000 or 50,000 B.C. 2. 22,000 to 24,000 - Upper years ago – age of Pleistocene/Dispersal the Tabon Man. of Homo Sapiens Mention of Place(s) • The place(s) mentioned in the account which will affect the reliability of the account itself especially the difference of places of the two accounts. Mention of Place(s) Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott • Palawan Island • West coast of (Tabon Cave) – place Palawan (Tabon of excavation Cave) – place where conducted by the the Tabon man was author himself. discovered by Fox. Sequencing of Events • These are chronology of the event which will affect the reliability of the account itself especially the difference of events of the two accounts. Sequencing of Events Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 1. In June and July 1. Earliest human skull 1962, the scattered remains in the fossils bones include Philippines are the the frontal bone fossilized fragments with the brows and of a skull and portions of the nasal jawbone of three bones. individuals. Cont’d Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 2. The area in which the 1. Tabon Cave is a kind human fossils bones were discovered had of little Stone Age been disturbed by Factory. Magapode Birds. 3. The data suggest that Tabon dated from 22,000 to 24,000 years ago. Cont’d Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 4. Exact age of the human fossils can be determined through chemical analysis. 5. The fossil bones are those of Homo sapiens. Difference of 2 accounts The difference in terms of the following: 1. Authors Background; 2. Account Written; 3. Mention of date; 4. Mention of place; and 5. Sequencing of event. These will affect the reliability of the account itself. Note: The difference is the simplified statement of above presentation. Difference of 2 accounts Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 1. The author is an 1. The author is a Anthropologist and his specialty is in Historian and his in excavation and investigation and validating of fossils analyzing facts. and artifacts. 2. This account was 2. This account was published later than published earlier than the other account. the other account. Difference of 2 accounts Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 3. It mentioned that in 3. It did not mention June and July 1962, that Scott personally the excavation was conducted the personally conducted excavation. by Fox. 4. It mentioned 45,000, 4. It mentioned 22,000 50,000 BC, 28,000 to 24,000 B.C. which B.C, 20,000 B.C & is different from 7,000 B.C which is Scott. different from Fox. Difference of 2 accounts Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 5. It mentioned 5. It mentioned West Palawan Island coast of Palawan (Tabon Cave) as (Tabon Cave) as place of excavation place of excavation which also the same which also the same to Scott. to Fox. Difference of 2 accounts Robert B. Fox William Henry Scott 6. The sequences of 6. The sequences of the events show the events show that Fox conducted that Scott did not conduct the study in the excavation and Tabon Cave but rely discovered the to the two experts Tabon Man. in terms of other variables. Analysis of the Difference of the 2 accounts • Among those mentioned difference of the 2 account which more reliable or valid? • You are going to answer this one using the principle and procedure of source criticism Analysis of the Difference of the 2 accounts 1. Generally, there two strong and significant points which make Fox more credible that Scott but it does mean that Scott is lying – actually he is just trying to puzzle the facts from the available data. Analysis of the Difference of the 2 accounts 2. Using the principles of source criticism, remains are more credible than narratives which is the situation of both author where Fox personally lead the excavation and the discovery of the Tabon Man while Scott rely on the interview of the different experts who encounter the said fossils. Analysis of the Difference of the 2 accounts 3. Secondary, their specialization shows that, generally speaking, also in this case, in the question of fossils, anthropologist is more credible than a historian. 4. Since the anthropologist are specialize in validating fossils which consistent in this account while Scott is a historian in his way of validating was done through interview which less credible that previous one.