Dosen dan Kualitas Perguruan Tinggi

8 Februari 2010
 Pendahuluan(1)

• Bila persaingan memasuki dunia pendidikan tinggi,

maka setiap PT harus memberikan pelayanan yang
berbeda dari pelayanan yang diberikan pesaing
• Perlu diidentifikasi “competitive advantage”
• PT bisa memilih bidang khas, fleksibilitas, atau harga
murah dengan “nilai” tinggi
• Apa pun yang dipilih maka kualitas harus menjadi
basis bagi persaingan
 Pendahuluan(2)

• PT itu bersifat nirlaba, tetapi PT setiap hari harus

berhadapan dengan kenyataan pasar
• PT harus taat pada hukum ekonomi: harga, biaya,
efisiensi, efektivitas, produktivitas dan masalah
keuangan
• Kinerja PT akan tergantung kepada:
– Proses “produksi”
– Nilai akademik
– Kekuatan pasar
 [3]
What is the university?

• The university is an intellectual collectivity, and not just

a collection of stimulating individual and necessary
services provided by the university; it is not a legal
construct and it is not an epiphenomenon. It is a
general pattern of attitudes and activities which molds
the activities of the individual members of the
university. If this pattern is dissipated, it has a
debilitating effect on the relation of teachers and
students and colleagues and colleagues. It is a pattern
which is sustained by academic citizenship
Shils (1997: 86)
 Element of academic citizenship [3]

Element of citizenship Implications for academic life

Political literacy Understanding of decision-making

process at all level within the
university
Social and moral Appreciation of responsibilities
responsibility towards students, colleagues, the
university, professional bodies, local
community, and a wider society
Community Skills in nurturing students,
involvement supporting academic and
professional colleagues, developing
and applying knowledge,
communicating with the public
 Education [1]

• Education – that is teaching in all its forms – is the

primary task of higher education
• Teaching both educates and entice future scholars
• Scholarship is the main issue
• Scholars are academics who conduct research,
publish and convey their knowledge to students or
apply what they have learned
• To be a scholar is to a researcher – and publication is
primary yardstick by which scholarly productivity is
measured
• All efforts are directed to have better education
 Dimension of scholarship [1]

• All faculty should establish their credential as

researchers
• All faculty should, throughout their professional
carriers, stay in touch with developments in their
fields and remain professionally alive
• All faculty must be held to the highest standards of
integrity
• The work of the professoriate – regardless of the
form it takes – must be carefully assessed
 The work of professoriate
[1]

1. The scholarship of discovery

2. The scholarship of integration
3. The scholarship of application
4. The scholarship of teaching
 Academic duty [2]

1. To teach
2. To mentor
3. To serve the university
4. To discover
5. To publish
6. To tell the truth
7. To reach beyond the wall
8. To change
 Paradigma manajemen kualitas

Pengendalian Penjaminan
Kualitas Kualitas
 Kualitas Tridharma
Jenjang
pendidikan

Jabatan Kualifikasi Kompetensi

fungsional akademik Pedagogik Profesional Sos/keprib.

Long life
education
Kontribusi
Etika Profesional Institusi/
Tridharma PT
kemhsiswaan

Assessment

Mutu Daya saing

Tridharma PT bangsa
 Tanggung jawab dosen(1)

• Setiap dosen tetap harus menjaga kehadiran di

kampus untuk:
– Mengajar, membimbing (konsultasi), memeriksa tugas
terstruktur, mengembangkan bahan ajar
– Meneliti
– melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarkat
– Menghadiri rapat, menjadi anggota
panitia/komisi/senat,
– Menjadi pengelola program
studi/departemen/fakultas/universitas

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 Tanggung jawab dosen(2)

• Setiap dosen tidak melakukan pemendekan,

pemanjangan, menunda, menambah, menjadwal
ulang kuliah. Bila terpaksa harus dilakukan, maka
harus dengan persetujuan mahasiswa dan ketua
program studi/dekan
• Setiap dosen harus menjelaskan kebijakan
penyelenggaraan perkuliahan kepada mahasiswa
(kehadiran, ujian, tugas, penilaian, SAP, buku
pegangan, bahan ajar)
• Setiap dosen harus hadir pada rapat
lab/prodi/fakultas
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 Tanggung jawab dosen(3)

• Setiap dosen melakukan evaluasi penyelenggaraan

perkuliahan
• Setiap dosen harus menyusun rencana kegiatan
semesteran dan melakukan evaluasi atas realisasi
rencana

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 Teaching Portofolio

• Portofolio pengajaran (Seldin, 2004):

– A collection of materials that document teaching
performance
• Thoughtfully chosen teaching activities
• With indisputable evidence of their effectiveness
• Encompassing a broad range of teaching skills, abilities,
attitudes, and values
 Proses Pembelajaran(1)

• Pertanyaan:
Kenapa sejumlah mahasiswa belajar lebih keras
dari pada yang lain?

• Jawaban: Banyak
 Proses Pembelajaran(2)

Lingkungan

Input Proses Output

 Proses Pembelajaran(3)

• Lingkungan eksternal: faktor di luar kelas

• Input: kualitas dan karakteristik dosen dan
mahasiswa
• Proses kelas: perilaku dosen dan mahasiswa dan
lingkungan internal kelas
• Output: ukuran output (standar); cognitive
 Proses Pembelajaran(4)

• Proses di kelas:
– Perilaku dosen
– Perilaku mahasiswa
– Lain-lain
• Perilaku dosen:
– Rencana: persiapan dan evaluasi pembelajaran
– Manajemen: mengendalikan kelas
– Instruksi: membimbing mahasiswa
 Proses Pembelajaran(5)

• Perilaku mahasiswa:
– Tindakan di kelas
– Academic learning time: waktu yang dibutuhkan
mahasiswa untuk menguasai bahan ajar (ditunjukkan oleh
keaktifan dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran)
 Trade-off antara pengajaran dan penelitian

Research and Research and

education are education are
substitutes
Quality of Education

complements

Less time on
Better and educational
more up to tasks
date faculty

Research intensity

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 Kesimpulan

• Pergururan tinggi (PT) menentukan tingkat daya

saing bangsa
• Makin tinggi kualitas PT makin tinggi daya saing
bangsa
• Peningkatan kualitas merupakan komitmen seluruh
komponen PT dan stakeholders
• Dosen merupakan faktor penentu dalam upaya
peningkatan kualitas PT
• Tridharma PT harus dijalankan secara proporsional
• Peningkatan scholarship merupakan hal yang sangat
penting
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