Eating disorders and

balance diet
By Supritha K Vani
BSc, MSc ,Mphil
(Nursing)
Content details…..
• Eating disorders
• Lack of physical activity and obesity
• Malnutrition
• Impact of fast food
• Impact of soft drinks/packaged soft stuffs
• Importance of balanced diet.
Eating disorders
• An eating disorder is when you have an unhealthy
attitude to food, which can take over your life and
make you ill.
• It can involve eating too much or too little, or becoming
obsessed with your weight and body shape.
• But there are treatments that can help and you can recover
from an eating disorder.
• Men and women of any age can get an eating disorder, but
they most commonly affect young women aged 13 to 17 years
old.
• Types of eating disorders
• The most common eating disorders are:
• anorexia nervosa – when you try to keep your weight as low as possible by not eating enough
food, exercising too much, or both
• bulimia – when you sometimes lose control and eat a lot of food in a very short amount of
time (binging) and are then deliberately sick, use laxatives (medicine to help you poo),
restrict what you eat, or do too much exercise to try to stop yourself gaining weight
• binge eating disorder (BED) – when you regularly lose control of your eating, eat large
portions of food all at once until you feel uncomfortably full, and are then often upset or
guilty
• other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) – when your symptoms do not exactly
match those of anorexia, bulimia or binge eating disorder, but it does not mean it's a less
serious illness
• OSFED is the most common, then binge eating disorder and bulimia. Anorexia is the least
common.
• Check if you have an eating disorder
• If you or people around you are worried that you have an
unhealthy relationship with food that's affecting your eating
habits, you could have an eating disorder.
• Symptoms of eating disorders include:
• spending a lot of time worrying about your weight and body
shape
• avoiding socialising when you think food will be involved
• eating very little food
• deliberately making yourself sick or taking laxatives after you eat
• exercising too much
• having very strict habits or routines around food
• changes in your mood
• You may also notice physical signs, including:
• feeling cold, tired or dizzy
• problems with your digestion
• your weight being very high or very low for someone of your age and height
• not getting your period for women and girls
• You can read more about the specific symptoms of:
• anorexia
• bulimia
• binge eating disorder
• What causes eating disorders?
• We do not know exactly what causes eating disorders.
• You may be more likely to get an eating disorder if:
• you or a member of your family has a history of eating disorders, depression,
or alcohol or drug addiction
• you have been criticised for your eating habits, body shape or weight
• you're overly concerned with being slim, particularly if you also feel pressure
from society or your job – for example, ballet dancers, jockeys, models or
athletes
• you have anxiety, low self-esteem, an obsessive personality or are a
perfectionist
• you have been sexually abused
• Treatment for eating disorders
• You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and recovery will be different for
everyone.
• After being referred to an eating disorder specialist or team of specialists, they'll be
responsible for your care.
• They should talk to you about any other support you might need, such as for other mental or
physical health conditions you have, and include this in your treatment plan. Treatment will
be different depending on the type of eating disorder you have, but will usually involve some
kind of talking therapy.
• You may also need regular health checks if your eating disorder is having an impact on your
physical health.
• It may also involve working through a guided self-help programme if you have bulimia or
binge eating disorder.
• Most people will be offered individual therapy, but those with binge eating disorder may be
offered group therapy.
LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
factors Contributing to Overweight and Obesity
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) includes the BMR plus any
additional energy expended through daily sedentary activities.

Exercise metabolic rate (EMR) is the energy expenditure that

occurs during exercise.
• Endocrine Influence: The Hungry Hormones
– Less than 2 percent of the obese population has a thyroid problem
and most experts agree weight problems can be traced to a
metabolic or hormone imbalance.
– Hunger—an inborn physiological response to nutritional needs
– Appetite—a learned response to food that is tied to an emotional
or psychological craving
– Satiety—to feel satisfied, or full, when one has satisfied their
nutritional needs and the stomach signals “no more”
– Hormones
• Gherlin—“the hunger hormone”
• Obestatin—a genetic relative of gherlin
• Leptin—tells your brain when you’re full
• GLP-1—slows down the passage of food through the intestines to allow the
absorption of nutrients
• Environmental Factors
– Bombarded with advertising
– Changes in working families
– Bottle feeding in infants
– Increase in sedentary lifestyle
– Misleading food labels
– Increased opportunities for eating
• Early Sabotage: A Youthful Start on
Obesity
– Vulnerable to food ads
– Larger portions, junk food
– Social factors
• Decline of home cooking
• Increased production of calorie
laden fast foods
• Internet
• Video games
– Over 17 percent of youth in United
States are now overweight or obese.
– Heavy adolescents generally become
heavy adults.
• Psychosocial and Economic Factors
– Food as reward
– Socioeconomic factors can provide obstacles or aids to weight
control.
– Studies show that the more educated you are, the lower your BMI
is in the United States.
– In poor countries where malnutrition is prevalent, those with
higher education tend to have a higher BMI.
• Lifestyle Factors
– Lack of physical activity
• Any form of activity that burns additional calories helps maintain weight
• Data from the National Health Interview Survey show that 4 out of 10 adults
in the United States never engage in any exercise, sports, or physically active
hobbies in their leisure time.
•
Managing Your Weight
Keeping Weight Control in Perspective
– Each person is different.
– Weight loss is not simple.
– Depression, stress, culture, and available foods can affect a person’s ability to
lose weight.
– Set realistic goals.
– Work out a maintainable lifestyle change.
Components of Physical Fitness
• Benefits of Regular Physical
Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness Activity
– Increased ability of the circulatory system to provide oxygen
– Reduced risk of heart disease
– Prevention of hypertension
– Improved blood lipid and lipoprotein profile
• Reduced Cancer Risk
– Breast and colon cancer
• Improved Bone Mass
– Osteoporosis
•
Benefits of Regular
Improved Weight Control
Physical Activity
– Exercise combined with moderate decrease in food intake can help a person
lose weight.
• Prevention of Diabetes
– Exercising 150 minutes per week and eating fewer calories and less fat could
prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Some Health Benefits of Regular Exercise
 What Causes Obesity?

• Energy imbalance over a long period of time.

• Energy in > Energy out.
• Excess calories and lack of physical activity.
Energy balance is like
a scale. When calories
consumed are greater
than calories used,
weight gain is the
result.
2009
CDC
 Overweight and Obesity Defined
• Overweight: having extra body weight,
for a particular height, from fat, muscle, bone, or water.
• Obesity: having a high amount of
excess body fat.

Energy Balance
Energy In = Energy Out
 Calories Used

• Eating, digestion, sleeping, breathing, and movement.

• Excess calories.
• Physical activity.

Energy Balance
Necessary
physiological
Calories in Calories used
(consumed) (expended) functions

Food/beverages Physical activity

consumed
2009
CDC
 Overweight
The Right Approach

• If your BMI is between 25 and 30 and you are otherwise healthy

– Try to avoid gaining any additional weight
– Look into healthy ways of losing weight and increasing physical activity

2009
NIDDK
Weight Loss & Maintenance
Strategies to Consider

Physical Activity
&
Diet Therapy

2009
Obesity
Not just an adult concern anymore…

Conditions Seen in Children

• High Cholesterol
• Type 2 Diabetes/
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
• High Blood Pressure
• Social Problems and
Poor Self-Esteem
• Sleep Disturbances
• Orthopedic Problems
Factors Contributing to Obesity

Genetics
Environment
Unhealthy Diet
Sedentary Lifestyle
Lack of Physical Activity
 School Environments
School Food Environment
Low-nutrient, energy-dense foods and
beverages are
• Served in vending machines, à la carte
lines, school stores, fundraisers, and
classroom parties.
• Marketed to students.

(cont.)
 School Environments
School Physical Activity Environment
• Daily physical education is not
provided in most schools.
• Daily recess for elementary school
students is not offered at many schools.
• Walking or biking to school is less
common.
 Rationale
Physical activity and healthy eating are linked with

• Academic Success
• Health and Well-being

• Risk for Obesity

• Risk for Chronic Conditions
(e.g., osteoarthritis)

• Risk for Chronic Diseases

(e.g., cancer)
School Health
Guidelines
1. Policies and Practices
2. School Environments
3. Nutrition Services
4. Physical Education and
Physical Activity
5. Health Education
6. School Health Services
7. Family and Community
8. School Employee Wellness
9. Professional Development
Fast Food
Why fast food is so popular in U.S.?
 Advantages

• Fast
• Convenient
• Cheap
 Disadvantages

• Not healthy
• Fat
• Not fresh
 Fast food restaurants

• McDonald’s
• Burger King
• Taco Bell
• Taco Time
• Carl’s Jr.
• Pizza Hut
• Domino’s Pizza
 Chart 1

• Do you eat fast food?

Fast Food
8

4 Male
Female
2

0
Yes No
Burger King
McDonald’s
 Nutrition Issues in Adolescent Health

• Cardiovascular and cancer disease risk

• Osteoporosis and bone mineralization
• Overweight and obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• Eating disorders
 Nutritional needs of the adolescent athlete
Part 2
 Adolescents with chronic medical concerns
 Adolescent pregnancy
Do you know how
dangerous fast food
can be?
We like eating food from Mc Donald’s or
KFC, because we like hot-dogs,
hamburgers, cheesburgers and chips. It is
normal.
First of all our bodies need a
balanced diet. Therefore we need
some fat, sugar and salt in our diet
but not too much.
Futhermore, fast foof is very
convinient because it is available
whenever we want it. Fast food is
very cheap and we can buy it
everywhere. So we don’t need to make
meals at home.
Finally we get it
together in a special
breadroll and put
ketchup and mustard
on it.
You’re what
you eat!
Balanced diet
Healthy Eating
Covers part of Science Unit 5a:
Keeping Healthy

by Mrs. Chapman, 2005

Greet School, Birmingham
Introduction
•A Healthy Diet and Our Body

•Healthy Eating Pyramid

•The Main Food Groups

•Fruit and Vegetables

•Grains and Pulses

•Dairy Products

•Starches, Sugars and Fats

•Vitamins and Minerals

•Reading the Labels on Foods

•Healthy Eating Myths

•Links for further study

A Healthy Diet and Our Body
•If our bodies are human machines food is our fuel. How well we eat,
affects how well our bodies work, and how long we live.

•It is especially important that we eat heathily as children, as we are still

growing and developing; a young plant not given proper nutrients grows up
to be a poor specimen .

Foodie fact
•A healthy diet is sometimes called a balanced diet as it needs to consist of
different types of foods. Children that eat breakfast
get better scores in tests
than children that don’t!
•Eating properly and regularly is really important; what we eat and drink
now, affects our health in the future.

Back to Introduction
A Healthy Diet and Our Body
•If our bodies are human machines food is our fuel. How well we eat,
affects how well our bodies work, and how long we live.

•It is especially important that we eat heathily as children, as we are still

growing and developing; a young plant not given proper nutrients grows up
to be a poor specimen .

Foodie fact
•A healthy diet is sometimes called a balanced diet as it needs to consist of
different types of foods. Children that eat breakfast
get better scores in tests
than children that don’t!
•Eating properly and regularly is really important; what we eat and drink
now, affects our health in the future.

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Fruit and vegetables: take 5

portions a day from this group

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Meat, fish and dairy: take

something from this
group
Fruit and vegetables: take 5
portions a day from this group

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Foods high in fats and sugars:

take only small amounts from
this group
Meat, fish and dairy: take
something from this
group
Fruit and vegetables: take 5
portions a day from this group

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
Healthy Eating Pyramid

Foods high in fats and sugars:

take only small amounts from
this group
Meat, fish and dairy: take
something from this
group
Fruit and vegetables: take 5
portions a day from this group

Carbohydrates: take most food

from this group (rice, pasta,
bread, potatoes)
The Main Food Groups

Back to Introduction
Fruit and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables grow on
plants: underground, on the ground
or in trees. Take
Every day we should eat at least 5 5 a day
portions of fruit and vegetables. (A
portion is about a handful.) everyday!
Fruit and vegetables give us fibre
and vitamins and minerals.

Back to Main Food Groups

Grains and Pulses
This food group includes wheat, corn,
barley, rice, lentils, beans etc.
These are all from plants and form a What is..?
staple part of the diet for people all Rice is the staple food in China
over the world. and much of the East. What is it
in the West (UK, USA)?
Grains and pulses give us
carbohydrates and proteins.
Nuts are another source of protein.

Back to Main Food Groups

Grains and Pulses
This food group includes wheat, corn,
barley, rice, lentils, beans etc.
These are all from plants and form a Answer
staple part of the diet for people all Wheat. We eat it in bread,
over the world. pasta, cereals, cakes, biscuits
and it’s added to all sorts of
Grains and pulses give us foods.
carbohydrates and proteins.
Nuts are another source of protein.

Back to Main Food Groups

Dairy Products
Dairy foods are made from milk (usually cow’s milk, but
can be from other animals like goats or sheep). Dairy
foods give us proteins and fats. They are also a good
source of calcium which is good for bones and teeth.
These foods include:
•Cheese (hard, soft, cottage); Weird fact
•Yogurt;
Our brains are
•Food high in milk or milk products. 80% fat.

Back to Main Food Groups

Meat, Fish and Eggs
The main nutrients derived from meat are proteins, but it
also gives us fats and some minerals.
The meat and fish group includes:
•Chicken and all poultry; Foodie fact
•Fish and shellfish; Sushi (raw fish) is now Marks
and Spencer’s best-selling
•Beef, pork and lamb. lunchtime snack.
•Eggs are included in this group too.
Athletes eat lots of protein; they help to build muscles.

Back to Main Food Groups

Starches, Sugars and Fats
Sometimes foods are classified into starches, sugars and fats. Starches
includes foods like potatoes and provide mainly carbohydrates. Carbohydrates
give us the energy to carry on with our day-to-day lives.
Foods high in sugars include those naturally occurring as in fruit, and those
containing refined/processed sugars such as sweets, chocolates, cakes etc.
We need to limit our intake of refined sugars – these are empty calories which
give an immediate ‘boost’.
A small amount of fat is important for health, but eating too much fat is
unhealthy. It leads to clogged arteries (restricted blood supply), high
cholesterol and becoming overweight.

Back to Introduction
Vitamins and Minerals
Our bodies need all sorts of chemicals
(vitamins and minerals) to be healthy.
The most
Vitamin A common are:
Helps maintain Sweet potatoes,
eyesight carrots
Vitamin B Help body make Green leafy
protein vegetables
Vitamin C Healing skin, Citrus fruit,
preventing colds tomatoes
Vitamin D Strengthen bones Milk
Sunlight
Vitamin E Helps strengthen Vegetable oils,
cells nuts
Iron Healthy blood Green leafy
vegetables

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths

It doesn’t matter what I eat

as long as I do lots of
exercise.

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths

It doesn’t matter what I eat

as long as I do lots of
exercise.

Wrong! Exercise is good for you, but

it still matters what you eat. Eating
the right foods means we can learn
better and exercise better too!

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths

Chocolate is bad
for you!

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths

Chocolate is bad
for you!
It’s true that chocolate isn’t the healthiest
snack – but it isn’t innately bad either! So,
some chocolate can be part of a balanced
diet. Plain (dark) chocolate is better for you
thank milk; it is higher in iron.

Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths

Chewing and digesting a

stick of celery uses up more
energy than you get from
the food.
This sounds good, but
unfortunately it isn’t true!

Back to Introduction
Title and Content Layout with Chart

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

Two Content Layout with Table
• First bullet point here Class Group A Group B
• Second bullet point here Class 1 82 95
• Third bullet point here
Class 2 76 88

Class 3 84 90
Two Content Layout with SmartArt
• First bullet point here Task
• Second bullet point here 1
• Third bullet point here

Group
A
Task Task
3 2
Add a Slide Title - 1
Add a Slide Title - 2
Add a Slide Title - 3
Add a Slide Title - 4
Add a Slide Title - 5