Nutrition in Weight Management 6.

Eat Simple Foods- Eating foods that are good

for you and staying physically active may help
Weight management - is the process of adopting
you reach and maintain a healthy weight and
long-term lifestyle modification to maintain a improve how you feel.

healthy body weight on the basis of a person's

age, sex and height. Benefits of Healthy Diet

For children:

Why is it important to us to maintain a healthy Keeps skin, teeth, and eyes healthy
Weight?
Supports muscles
Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight is
Helps achieve and maintain a healthy weight
important for overall health and can help to
prevent and control many diseases and Strengthens bones
conditions.
Supports brain development

Supports healthy growth

6 Principles of Weight Management
Boosts immunity
1. Calculate Calorie Count - Counting calories
Helps the digestive system function
can help people reach and maintain their weight
and fitness goals, as it involves tracking how For Adult:
much energy is going into the body each day.
May help you live longer
2. Protein in your Diet- Protein is an important
part of a healthy diet. Proteins are made up of Keeps skin, teeth, and eyes healthy
chemical 'building blocks' called amino acids. Supports muscles
Your body uses amino acids to build and repair
muscles and bones and to make hormones and Boosts immunity
enzymes. They can also be used as an energy Strengthens bones
source.
Lowers risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and
3. Don’t Cut Out the Carbs- Carbohydrates are some cancers
essential for a healthy body and should not be
removed from the diet. Carbohydrates are the Supports healthy pregnancies and breastfeeding
body's preferred energy source.
Helps the digestive system function
4. Don’t Cover a Bad Diet with Exercise-
Exercise is not a replacement for a healthy diet.
You cannot lose weight, by training and at the Obesity
same time eating unhealthy food.
Diabetes
5. Strength Training is Key- Strength training
Heart Disease
can help you manage or lose weight, and it can
increase your metabolism to help you burn more Dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol)
calories. Enhance your quality of life. Strength
training may enhance your quality of life and Sleep apnea and breathing problems
improve your ability to do everyday activities. Cancer

Depression

Hypertension
 What can you do to maintain your healthy
weight?
Other Risk Factor for Obesity
• Replace soda with water Try calorie free—
Developmental Factors
flavored waters Add fruit to water! Have
• HYPERPLASIA- Excessive number of Fat sparkling water instead.
cells. • Check the Label One container may have
more than one serving! A typical 20 oz.
• HYPERTROPHY - Increased size of cells. soda can contain 240 calories, and 15-18
teaspoons of sugar!
•
Factors affecting Weight and Health
Eating Disorders
Family history and genes
What are eating disorders?
Race or ethnicity
are behavioral conditions characterized by severe
Age and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors
Sex and associated distressing thoughts and
emotions.
Eating and physical activity habits

Family habits and culture

Common signs and symptoms include:

abnormally low or high body weight.

Ways to Avoid Diet Failures
Remember that weight loss requires a change in
your lifestyle, not just your diet. Focusing on
following a strict diet may lead to feelings of
guilt rather than satisfaction!
an irregular diet.
the desire to eat alone or secretly.
using the bathroom frequently after a meal.
obsession with losing or gaining weight quickly.

obsession with physical appearance an

How to Break the Cycle perception of body by others.

1. Change your mindset! feelings of guilt and shame around eating habits.

2. Set realistic goals experiencing abnormal stress or discomfort about

eating habits.
3. Don’t be so hard on yourself!

Cause:
Ways to Stay on Track
age- most common during the teens and early
Keep a food journal twenties.
Reduce temptations family history- Genes may increase a person’s
susceptibility to developing an eating disorder.
Find what works for you
excessive dieting- The need for affirmation can

drive you to diet more severely, which can lead

to an eating disorder.
psychological health- low self-esteem, anxiety,
depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
troubled relationships, impulsive behavior
life transitions- These times of transition can
include moving, changing jobs, the end of a
relationship, or the death of a loved one.
extracurricular activities- Coaches, parents, and
professionals in these areas may inadvertently
contribute to eating disorders by encouraging
weight loss.
Effects:
• All of the many health risks associated
with obesity, such as heart disease,
hypertension and stroke.
• Tooth decay and damage to the esophagus
brought about by bulimia.
• Rickets, scurvy and other diseases caused
by chronic vitamin deficiency.
• Depression, either caused or exacerbated
by the underlying eating disorder.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction
of food intake leading either to weight loss or
failure to gain weight, such that it results in a
significantly low body weight according to one’s
age, sex and height. It is accompanied by a
distorted body image and an obsessive fear of
gaining weight.
There are two subtypes of anorexia nervosa:
• restricting type, in which individuals lose
weight primarily by dieting, fasting or
excessively exercising, and
• binge-eating/purging type in which
persons also engage in intermittent binge
eating and/or purging behaviors.
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Bulimia occurs when you experience episodes of
binge eating followed by purging. With bulimia,
you may feel guilty or helpless after eating large
amounts of food and try to vomit the food back
up. Binges occur at least weekly and are typically
followed by what are called "compensatory
behaviors" to prevent weight gain. These can
include fasting, vomiting, laxative misuse or
compulsive exercise.
BINGE EATING DISORDER
People with binge eating disorder have episodes
of binge eating in which they consume large
quantities of food in a brief period, experience a
sense of loss of control over their eating and are
distressed by the binge behavior. Unlike people
with bulimia nervosa however, they do not
regularly use compensatory behaviors to get rid
of the food by inducing vomiting, fasting,
exercising or laxative misuse. The binge eating is
chronic and can lead to serious health
complications, including obesity, diabetes,
hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Pica
Is a disorder in which you eat objects or other
non-nutritious substances uncommon to your
culture. Pica occurs over the course of at least
one month, and the substances you
eat may include:
dirt
cloth
hair
chalk
rocks
The prevalence of pica isn’t well known. But it
appears more frequently in people with
intellectual disabilities, such as autism spectrum
disorder.
AVOIDANT RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE
DISORDER
Children with ARFID are extremely picky eaters
and have little interest in eating food. They eat a
limited variety of preferred foods, which can lead
to poor growth and poor nutrition.
RUMINATION DISORDER
a condition in which people repeatedly and
unintentionally spit up (regurgitate) undigested
or partially digested food from the stomach,
rechew it, and then either re-swallow it or spit it
out. Because the food hasn't yet been digested, it
reportedly tastes normal and isn't acidic, as
vomit is.
OTHER SPECIFIED FEEDING OR EATING
DISORDER
A term used when an individual displays eating
disorder symptoms but does not reach the
threshold for clinical diagnosis. Examples may
include a person with all the symptoms of
anorexia nervosa but without low body weight, or
a person with the symptoms of bulimia who does
not binge, and purge as frequently as expected.
UNSPECIFIED FEEDING OR EATING
DISORDER
This category might be used to classify behaviors
that cause clinically significant distress or
reduction in functioning, but do not meet the
criteria of any other eating or feeding disorders.
nutrition sports and exercise
About exercise
Exercise is also known as physical activity. In
simple terms exercise is any movement that
works your body at a greater intensity than your
usual level of daily activity.
IDEAL TIME
150 - 300 minutes of moderate physical activity
or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic
physical activity each week.
About sports
an activity involving physical exertion and skill
in which an individual or team competes against
another or others for entertainment.
Most loved
basketball- It is the most favorite sports in the
Philippines with nearly 40 million people playing
or having played basketball.
Nutrients needed for exercise and workout
Protein - provides the amino acids your body
needs to build and repair muscle.
Carbohydrates - bodies' preferred source of fuel.
Fat - keeps us full and satisfied.
Water- essential to keep the body hydrated and
maintain body's temperature .
Iron- The capacity to carry oxygen is essential for
endurance exercise as well as for normal function
of the nervous, behavioral, and immune systems.
Zinc- This mineral aids in the growth and repair
of muscle tissue, energy production, and immune
status.
Magnesium- acts for metabolism of
carbohydrates, protein, and fats, magnesium also
regulates body functioning.
Vitamin D- necessary for the absorption of
calcium, making it essential for bone health.
Nutrition rules that will fuel your workout 5. Whey Protein

Rule 1: Pay attention 6. Almonds

Rule 2: Fuel up (even if your goal is to lose 7. Greek Yogurt

weight)

Rule 3: Love carbs (you need them)

Rule 4: Rebuild with protein
Rule 5: Don't ignore fats
Rule 6: Know what you need pre-workout
Rule 7: Remember the post-workout 15
Vegetarian and vegan diets- Plant-based diets
can help improve the performance by decreasing
weight, creating leaner bodies, and improving
stamina especially for the athletes.
Best Healthy Vegetables
1. spinach

2. mustard greens
Foods for fuel and exercise
3. arugula
Carbohydrates -The main role of carbohydrates
4. kale
in physical activity is to provide energy.
5. Turkish kale
Best Healthy Carbohydrates
6. Brussel sprouts
1. Brown rice
7. Swiss chard and lettuce
2. Quinoa

3. Sweet potatoes
Fat-is essential for the body because it provides
4. Oats
energy source at lower exercise intensities to
5. Bananas aiding the absorption of certain vitamins
protecting vital organs and aiding hormone
6. Sprouted breads production
7. Dried fruit Best Healthy Fat
8. Whole grain pasta 1. Nuts (Like almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and
9. Beans peanuts )

10. Spaghetti squash 2. Seeds (Seeds, like chia, flax, and hemp, offer
healthy omega-3's)
11. Yogurt
3. Avocado

4. Olive Oil
Protein- plays an important role in athlete’s
eating plan as it helps repair and strengthen 5. Salmon
muscle tissue.

Best Healthy Protein What foods should avoid and why?

1. Eggs 1. Anything with high-fructose corn syrup.
2. Wild Fish Sweets and candies may provide a quick energy
burst, however these foods are filled with sugar
3. Chicken and empty calories.
4. Grass-fed Beef
2. Foods cooked with oil or containing trans fats.
There are two types of trans fats found in foods:
Health risks of having sedentary lifestyle
naturally-occurring and artificial trans fats.
Obesity-a complex disease involving an excessive
3. Avoid protein and energy bars.
amount of body fat.
4. Dairy and fried foods should be avoided prior
Heart diseases- Blood vessel disease, such as
to competition
coronary artery diseases.

High blood pressure- Briefly elaborate on what

Eating smart and being active have similar
effects on our health. These include:
•Reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as
diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure,
stroke, and some cancers and associated
disabilities
•Prevent weight gain and/or promote weight loss
Improve overall well-being
•Being active can also improve your personal
appearance, encourage fun with family and
friends, maintain the ability to live
independently, and enhance fitness for sports.
you want to discuss.
High cholesterol- when you have too much of a
fatty substance called cholesterol in your blood
Stroke- happens when the blood supply to part
of the brain is cut off
Metabolic syndrome- combination of diabetes,
high blood pressure (hypertension) and obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Certain cancers, including colon, breast, and
uterine cancers
Osteoporosis and falls

Increased feelings of depression and anxiety

Ideal sports and exercise

ideal exercises
NUTRITION AND BONE HEALTH
> Walking
Bone health is critically important to the overall
> Jogging health. It provides the body a frame that allows
mobility and for protection against injury.
> Running

> Working with resistance bands

WHAT AFFECTS OUR BONE HEALTH?
> Simple air punching
SEX- WOMEN ARE PRONE TO BONE ISSUES
> Squeezing stress balls
SUCH AS "OSTEOPOROSIS" BECAUSE
WOMEN HAVE LESS BONE TISSUE THAN
MEN.
ideal sports
AGE- BONES BECOME THINER AND
> Cycling
WEAKER AS WE GROW OLDER
> Soccer
SIZE- THIN BODY IS MORE PRONE IN BONE
> Archery HEALTH ISSUES. BECAUSE THE TINNER
THE BODY IS THE LESSER THE MASS IT
> Swimming PROVIDE
> Golf

> Bowling
HORMONES- TOO MUCH THYROID
HORMONE CAN CAUSE BONE LOSS
COMMON BONE DISEASES/ISSUES
OSTEOPOROSIS- a medical condition in which
the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of
tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes,
or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
HYPOCALCEMIA- a treatable condition that
happens when the levels of calcium in your blood
are too low.
SCOLIOSIS- A bone condition in which bones of
the spine curve abnormally.
GOUT - A disorder in which excess uric acid
accumulate the joints
OSTEOMYELITIS- A rare infection in the bone
due to some surgeries done such as hip
replacement.
OSTEOARTHRITIS- A chronic degenerative
joint disease, happens when the cartilage breaks
down.
HOW COULD WE TAKE GOOD CARE OF OUR
BONES?
Include plenty of calcium in diet
Calcium is well known for its role in building
bone and slowing bone loss. To meet the current
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of
calcium, women ages 18 to 50, and men ages 18
to 70 need 1,000 milligrams (mg) of calcium.
PAY ATTENTION TO VITAMIN D
Vitamin D is necessary for strong bones and
muscles. Without Vitamin D, our bodies cannot
effectively absorb calcium, which is essential to
good bone health.
INCLUDE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
exercise is important for treating and preventing
osteoporosis. Not only can exercise improve you
bone health, it can also increase muscle strength,
coordination, an balance, and lead to better
overall health.
AVOID SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• COFFEE
• ALCOHOL
• SODA
• DRUGS
NUTRITION FOR ORAL AND DENTAL
HEALTH
ORAL HEALTH
Diet and nutrition are important in:
- The formation of teeth
Nutrients essential for tooth development and
maintenance include proteins, vitamins A, C and
D as well as calcium and fluoride. The protein in
dentin is collagen, which is dependent on vitamin
C for normal synthesis. A tooth's enamel
contains keratin, a type of protein, and requires
vitamin A for its formation
- Bone density
Bones need proper nourishment to maintain
their strength and avoid osteoporosis — a
condition that occurs when bones lose mineral
density, which makes them fragile and at risk of
fractures.
- Oral cavity disease prevention and
management
The best way to prevent disease is to take early
precautions like using fluoride, eating nutritional
foods, and properly brushing teeth. Fluorides
reduce the risk of caries but do not eliminate
them. They cause remineralization and
demineralization of tooth enamel. Fluorides are
consumed in small quantities by humans and
occur naturally in the environment.
 ANATOMY OF TOOTH

- Oral and gingival tissue integrity

A diet low in carbohydrates, rich in Omega-3

fatty acids, rich in vitamins C and D, and rich in
fibers can significantly reduce gingival and
periodontal inflammation. On the other way,
refined carbohydrates, non-vegetable proteins,
proinflammatory saturated fatty acids and an
unbalanced supply of vitamins and minerals may
increase periodontal inflammation.

Acid production

Glycolysis (acid production) lowers the pH of the

surrounding area and leads to the
demineralization of dental tissue. The acidic
environment eventually causes a cavity on tooth
surfaces.
THE DECAY PROCESS
DENTAL CARIES
- An infectious dental condition in which organic
acid metabolites cause progressive
demineralization of enamel and proteolytic
destruction of tooth tissue.

Stage 1: Initial demineralization - Any tooth surface may be impacted.

Stage 2: Enamel decay If the process of tooth

decay is allowed to continue, enamel will break DECAY PROCESS
down further.
- Plaque formation is caused by a sticky mixture
Stage 3: Dentin decay of bacteria, protein, and carbohydrates.
Stage 4: Pulp damage - Acid is produced by bacteria that metabolize
Stage 5: Abscess fermentable carbohydrates.

- Acid production: a pH of 5.5 in the mouth

DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH
Teeth are comprised of a protein matrix that has
been mineralized with collagen (which requires
vitamin C), calcium, and phosphorus (which
requires vitamins A and D).
allows for tooth demineralization.
- The role of saliva is to rinse away food,
neutralize acid, and encourage remineralization.
- Caries patterns: the pattern is determined by
the cause.

EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES

- Also known as "baby bottle teeth decay."

- Nursing bottle caries - putting infant to bed

with a sweetened liquid bottle (juice, Kool-Aid,
etc.)

- Caries develops quickly in the front teeth.

- This is common among Native Americans. - Foods that do not promote deterioration

- Wean children from bottles before the age of - Do not decrease salivary pH
two.
- This includes protein foods such as eggs, fish,
meat, and poultry, as well as most vegetables,
fats, and
DENTAL CARIES - CONT'D
sugarless gums.
- Streptococcus mutans is the most commonly
involved bacteria.

- Carbohydrates that ferment ANTICARIOGENIC FOODS

- Time - Prevent plaque from recognizing acidogenic

foods when they are consumed first.
- Reduce salivary pH to less than 5.5.
- May stimulate salivation or have antibacterial

properties.
FLUORIDE
- Contains xylitol (a sweetener found in sugarless
- Primary anticaries agent
gum) and cheeses.
- Water fluoridation

- Fluoridated toothpastes
OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIET
- Oral rinses CARIOGENICITY

- Dentifrices - Consistency: Liquids are cleared quickly while

sticky food remain on the teeth
- Beverages made with fluoridated water
- Meal frequency: frequent meals and snacks
increase duration of exposure

CARIOGENIC VS. CARIOSTATIC
- Cariogenic: contains fermentable carbohydrates
that, when in touch with bacteria in the mouth,
can induce a fall in salivary pH to <5.5 and
demineralization; increasing caries formation
- Food composition
- Food form: liquid, solid, slowly dissolving
- Sequence of eating: cheese or milk at the end of
the meal decrease the cariogenicity of the meal

- Cariostatic: not metabolized by plaque PERIODONTAL DISEASE

microorganisms, resulting in a reduction in
- Gingival inflammation with destruction of the
salivary pH to 5.5
tooth attachment apparatus

- Gingivitis—early stage
CARIOGENIC FOODS
- Increasing vitamin C, folate, and zinc is part of
- Encourage caries formation nutritional care.

- Fermentable carbohydrates, or carbs that can

be broken down by salivary amylase

- Lowers the pH of the mouth Crackers, chips,

pretzels, cereals, breads, fruits, sugars, sweets,
and desserts are examples of this.
TOOTH LOSS AND DENTURES
Tooth loss—denture insertion
- Food options vary.
- Saliva production falls.
- Impaired chewing ability
- Many people reduce their calorie and nutrient
consumption.
- Basic nutrition guidance; Food Guide Pyramid,
and so on.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE
- Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral
mucosa.
- Candidiasis and herpes simplex: fungal and
viral illnesses that can cause discomfort and
dysphagia in the mouth and esophagus.
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- Periodontal (gum) disease
- Kaposi's sarcoma—mouth and esophageal
lesions
MNT FOR MOUTH PAIN/ORAL INFECTIONS
- Avoid acidic and spicy foods
- Offer soft, cold, nutrient dense foods such as
canned
fruit, ice cream, yogurt, cottage cheese
- Try oral supplements
- Use PEG or NG feeding if oral supplementation
is unsuccessful
- For xerostomia, try artificial saliva, citrus
beverages, sugar free candies or gums
DIETARY MODIFICATION AND DIETARY
THERAPY
An individual’s diet is the sum of food and drink
that he or she habitually consumes.
•Dieting is the practice of attempting to achieve
or maintain a certain weight through diet.
• People’s dietary choices are often affected by a
variety of factors, including ethical and religious
beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control
weight.
Types of Therapeutic Diets
• A therapeutic diet is a meal plan that controls
the intake of certain foods or nutrients. It is part
of the treatment of a medical condition and is
normally prescribed by a physician and planned
by a dietician.
A therapeutic diet is usually a modification of a
regular diet. It is modified or tailored to fit the
nutrition needs of a particular person.
• Therapeutic diets are modified for
(1) nutrients,
(2) texture, and/or
(3) food allergies or food intolerances.
Common reasons therapeutic diets may be
ordered:
• To maintain nutritional status.
• To restore nutritional status.
• To correct nutritional status.
• To decrease calories for weight control.
• To provide extra calories for weight gain.
• To balance amounts of carbohydrates, fat and
protein for control of diabetes.
• To provide a greater amount of a nutrient such
as protein.
• To decrease the amount of a nutrient such as
sodium.
• To exclude foods due to allergies or food
intolerance.
• To provide texture modifications due to
problems with chewing and/or swallowing
Common therapeutic diets include:
• 1. Nutrient modifications.
• No concentrated sweets diet;
• Diabetic diets;
• No added salt diet;
• Low sodium diet;
• Low fat diet and/or low cholesterol diet;
• High fiber diet;
• Renal diet.
2. Texture modification.
• Mechanical soft diet;
• Puree diet.
3. Food allergy or food intolerance modification.
• Food allergy;
• Food intolerance.
4. Tube feedings.
• Liquid tube feedings in place of meals;
• Liquid tube feedings in addition to meals.
5. Additional feedings – In addition to meal,
extra nutrition may be ordered as:
• Supplements – usually ordered as liquid
nutritional shakes once, twice or three times per
day; given either with meals or between meals.
• Nourishments – ordered as a snack food or
beverage items to be given between meals mid-
morning and/or mid-afternoon.
• HS snack – ordered as a snack food or beverage
items to be given at the hour of sleep.
6. The following list includes brief descriptions of
common therapeutic diets:
Clear liquid diet –
• Includes minimum residue fluids that can be
seen through.
• Examples are juices without pulp, broth, and
Jell-O.
• Is often used as the first step to restarting oral
feeding after surgery or an abdominal procedure.
• Can also be used for fluid and electrolyte
replacement in people with severe diarrhea.
• Should not be used for an extended period as it
does not provide enough calories and nutrients.
Full liquid diet.
• Includes fluids that are creamy.
• Some examples of food allowed are ice cream,
pudding, thinned hot cereal, custard, strained
cream soups, and juices with pulp.
• Used as the second step to restarting oral
feeding once clear liquids are tolerated.
• Used for people who cannot tolerate a
mechanical soft diet.
• Should not be used for extended periods.
No Concentrated Sweets (NCS) diet.
• Is considered a liberalized diet for diabetics
when their weight and blood sugar levels are
under control.
• It includes regular foods without the addition
of sugar.
• Calories are not counted as in ADA calorie-
controlled diets.
Diabetic or calorie-controlled diet (ADA).
• These diets control calories, carbohydrates,
protein, and fat intake in balanced amounts to
meet nutritional needs, control blood sugar
levels, and control weight.
• Portion control is used at mealtimes as
outlined in the ADA “Exchange List for
Meal Planning.”
• Most commonly used calorie levels are: 1,200,
1,500, 1,800 and 2,000.
No Added Salt (NAS) diet.
• Is a regular diet with no salt packet on the
tray.
• Food is seasoned as regular food.
Low Sodium (LS) diet.
• May also be called a 2 gram Sodium Diet.
• Limits salt and salty foods such as bacon,
sausage, cured meats, canned soups, salty
seasonings, pickled foods, salted crackers, etc.
• Is used for people who may be “holding water”
(edema) or who have high blood pressure, heart
disease, liver disease, or first stages of kidney
disease.
Low fat/low cholesterol diet –
• Is used to reduce fat levels and/or treat medical
conditions that interfere with how the body uses
fat such as diseases of the liver, gallbladder, or
pancreas.
• Limits fat to 50 grams or no more than 30%
calories derived from fat.
• Is low in total fat and saturated fats and
contains approximately 250-300 mg cholesterol.
High fiber diet.
• Is prescribed in the prevention or treatment of
a number of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and
metabolic diseases.
• Increased fiber should come from a variety of
sources including fruits, legumes, vegetables,
whole breads, and cereals.
Renal diet.
• Is for renal/kidney people.
• The diet plan is individualized depending on if
the person is on dialysis.
• The diet restricts sodium, potassium, fluid, and
protein specified levels.
• Lab work is followed closely.
Mechanically altered or soft diet.
• Is used when there are problems with chewing
and swallowing.
• Changes the consistency of the regular diet to a
softer texture.
• Includes chopped or ground meats as well as
chopped or ground raw fruits and vegetables.
• Is for people with poor dental conditions,
missing teeth, no teeth, or a condition known as
dysphasia.
Pureed diet.
• Changes the regular diet by pureeing it to a
smooth liquid consistency.
• Indicated for those with wired jaws extremely
poor dentition in which chewing is inadequate.
• Often thinned down so it can pass through a
straw.
• Is for people with chewing or swallowing
difficulties or with the condition of dysphasia.
• Foods should be pureed separately.
• Avoid nuts, seeds, raw vegetables, and raw
fruits.
• Is nutritionally adequate when offering all food
groups.
Food allergy modification.
• Food allergies are due to an abnormal immune
response to an otherwise harmless food.
• Foods implicated with allergies are strictly
eliminated from the diet.
• Appropriate substitutions are made to ensure
the meal is adequate.
• The most common food allergens are milk, egg,
soy, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and
shellfish.
• A gluten free diet would include the
elimination of wheat, rye, and
barley. Replaced with potato, corn, and rice Different types of Therapeutic diets
products.
No concentrated Sweets or NCS diet - Manages
Food intolerance modification. weight & blood sugar levels

• The most common food intolerance is Low Cholesterol Diet - Helps treat fat levels
intolerance to lactose (milk sugar) because of a
Pureed diet- Prescribed for those who are unable
decreased amount of an enzyme in the body.
to chew or swallow
•Other common types of food intolerance include
No Added Salt diet or NAS- Reduces intake of
adverse reactions to certain products added to
salt
food to enhance taste, color, or protect against
bacterial growth. High Fiber diet- Used to treat gastrointestinal
diseases
• Common symptoms involving food intolerances
are vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
headaches.

Tube feedings –

• Tube feedings are used for people who cannot

take adequate food or fluids by mouth.

• All or parts of nutritional needs are met

through tube feedings.

• Some people may receive food by mouth if they

can swallow safely and are working to be weaned
off the tube feeding.

Bland Diet

• At times, due to gastro-intestinal or esophageal

problems, clients need to follow a bland diet.

• Ideas: Applesauce, toast, French to as cream of

wheat or rice, oatmeal, simple muffins, cinnamon
bread, pasta dishes such as macaroni and cheese,
egg noodles with herbs or cheese, potatoes of all
kinds – baked, mashed, scalloped, eggs: omelets,
soft-boiled, egg salad, rice dishes, rice pudding,
custards, puddings.

Special Diets:

•If the physician recommends a special diet, the

physician or nurse usually provides guidelines

and sample menus.