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INTRODUCTION
TO LAWS ON
PRIVATE AND
PUBLIC LANDS
E n g r . M i c h a e l T. C o b i l l a

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LAWS INTRO

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"The study of the law

qualifies a man to be
useful to himself, to
his neighbors, and to
the public."
Thomas Jefferson

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Law
a binding custom or
practice of a community : a
rule of conduct or action
prescribed or formally
recognized as binding or
enforced by a controlling
authority- Meriam Webster
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Law
Law consists of
enforceable rule governing
relationships among
individuals and between
individuals and their
society.

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Law
Any rule of action or norm
of conduct applicable to all
kinds of action and to all
objects of creation.-
Suarez

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Law
A rule of conduct, just and
obligatory, laid down by
legitimate authority for
common observance and
benefit (Sanchez Roman,
23)

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Law
It is a rule of conduct.
Law serve as guides of an
individual in relation to his
fellowmen and to his
community.

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Law
Law must be just.
Embedded in New Civil
Code in order to obtain
stability of the social order.

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Law
It must be obligatory. If
laws are not enforced, the
purpose for they intended
will not be served.

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Law
Laws must be prescribed
by legitimate authority. If
not prescribed, the people
could not be expected to
observe them.

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Classifications of Law
1. Natural Law
2. Positive Law

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Natural Law
- derives its force and
authority from God. It is
superior to other laws.

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Natural Law
1. Physical Law
- universal rule of
action that governs the
conduct and movement of
things which are non-free
and material.

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Natural Law
2. Moral Law
- set of rules which
establishes what is right and
what is wrong as dictated by
human conscience and as
aspired by the eternal law

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Positive Law
1. Divine Law
a. Divine Positive Law
(Ten Commandments)
b. Divine Human Positive
Law (Commandments of the
Church)

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Positive Law
2. Administrative Law
-law which fixes the
organization and determines
the competence of the
administrative authorities

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Positive Law
3. International Law
-body of rules which
regulates the community of
nations.

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Positive Law
4. Private Law
-body of rules which
creates duties, rights and
obligations and the means
and methods of setting
courts in motion for the
enforcement of a right or a
redress of wrong (24 words
and phrases, 337) 19 19
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Positive Law
4. Private Law
4.1 Substantive Private
Law- those rules which
declare legal relations of
litigants when the courts have
been properly moved to action
upon facts duly presented to
them
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Positive Law
4. Private Law
4.2 Procedural Private
Law- refers to the means and
methods of setting the courts
in motion, making the facts
know to them and effectuating
their judgments.
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Sources of Law
1. Legislation
2. Precedent
3. Custom
4. Court Decision

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