WATER TREATMENT PLANT

INTRODUCTION

o Water treatment is the option of removing containments from

wastewater ad household water.
o It includes physical chemical & biological process to remove physical,
chemical & biological containments.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• Screening • Aeration
IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• Flocculation • Sedimentation
IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• Filtration • Disinfection
IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• Softening
Screening

• Screening is the first unit operation used at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
• Screening removes objects such as rags, paper, plastics, and metals to prevent
damage and clogging of downstream equipment, piping, and appurtenances.
• Some modern wastewater treatment plants use both coarse screens and fine
screens.
• Figure depicts a typical bar screen (a type of coarse screen).
 Aeration

• Aeration brings water and air in close contact in order to remove dissolved gases (such as carbon
dioxide) and oxidizes dissolved metals such as iron, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs).
• Aeration is often the first major process at the treatment plant. During aeration, constituents are
removed or modified before they can interfere with the treatment processes
• The efficiency of aeration depends on the amount of surface contact between air and water, which is
controlled primarily by the size of the water drop or air bubble.
Flocculation

• The water flows into a tank with paddles that provide slow mixing and bring the small
particles together to form larger particles called flocs.
• Mixing is done quite slowly and gently in the flocculation step.
Sedimentation

• Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended

solids from water.
• Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally
by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans.
Filtration

• Filtration is a process that removes particles from suspension in water.

• In water treatment they tend to be used at the inlet to the treatment system to exclude
large objects (e.g. leaves, fish, and coarse detritus).
• These may be manually or mechanically scraped bar screens.
Disinfection

• Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic

microorganisms.
• Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and
reproduction.
• When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will
cause people to fall ill.
Softening

• Water softening is a technique that serves the removal of the ions that cause
the water to be hard, in most cases calcium and magnesium ions.
• Iron ions may also be removed during softening.
• A water softener is a unit that is used to soften water, by removing the minerals that
cause the water to be hard
Advantages of water treatment plant

•Capable of removing 97% of suspended

solids
•Biological nitrification without adding
chemicals
•Oxidation and nitration achieved
•Biological phosphorous removal
•Solids and liquids separation
•Removes organics
•Cost effective
•Easily maintained mechanical work
•Self sustaining system