GROUP VII

 Describe the changes in mineral components and

texture of rocks due to change in pressure and
temperature (Metamorphism)

 Compare and contrast the formation of the

different types of igneous rocks

Describe how rocks behave under different types

of stress such as compression, pulling apart, and
shearing
The word Metamorphism comes from the
greek: meta = after, morph = form. So
metamorphism means the after form.

In geology, this refers to the change in mineral

assemblage and texture that result from
subjecting a rock to pressure and temperatures

Protolith – original rocks that has undergone

metamorphism.
Metamorphism therefore occurs at temperature and
pressure higher than 200° and 300° MPa. Rocks can
be subjected to these higher temperatures and
pressures as they become buried deeper in the earth.

During metamorphism the protolith undergoes

change in texture of the rock and mineral makes up
of the rocks
 Factors that control metamorphism
Temperature
- Temperature increase with depth in the earth
along the geothermal gradient
- Pressure increase with depth of burial
Pressure
- Is defined as a force acting equally from all
directions. It is a type of stress called
Hydrostatic stress or Uniform stress
Fluid phase
- This fluid is mostly H2O, but contains
dissolved ions.
- If chemical alteration of the rocks takes place
as a result of these fluids. The process is called
Metasomatism

Metamorphic rocks type

1. Foliated - there have a planar foliation
2. Non-foliated – there have no evident planar
fabric or foliation