“Energy Conservation Awareness Program “

Conducted by : Caruttar Education Navrachna Trust,

Anand.

“ENERGY AUDIT ”

Amarpal Kanojiya.
Assistant Professor.
DJMIT-Mogar, Anand.
 WHERE I USING ENERGY?
1. COOKING.

2. TRANSPORT.

3. INDUSTRIES.

4. ENTERTAIMENT.

5. AGRICULTURE.

6. COMFORT.

7. POWER PLANT.

8. R&D.
 WHY I HAVE TO SAVE ENERGY?
• Conserving energy produces a higher quality of life.
• You can save money! Cutting back on the amount of
energy you use can reduce your energy bill
significantly.
• Air Pollution.
• Global Warming.
• Health Benefits.
 What is Energy Audit ?
• Price of your mobile?
• Price of your car?
• Current Price of your Home?
• The fuel mileage your vehicle gives?
• The electricity bill of your house?
• Contracted demand of your house?
• The energy consumption of your domestic appliances?
What appliance in your house consumes maximum energy?
• The electricity bill of your work place?
• Contracted demand of your work place?
• How is energy wasted in your work place?
• What is energy conservation?
 Energy Used In Residential Building By
Normal Equipments.
ITEM NUMBERS LOAD HRS/ KWH/
ANNUM ANNUM = Units
BULB 3 * 40W 120 W 4* 365 120*4*365/1000
=175.2
TUBE 4* 55W 220W 6* 365 220*6*365/1000
LIGHT =481.8
FANS 3* 75W 225W 15*300 225*15*300/1000
=1012.5
REFRIGATO 1 NUMBER 150W 24*365 150*24*365/1000
RS =1314
TOTAL 715W 2983.5 KWH
248.6 KWH/MONTH
 Energy Used In residential Building By
Energy Efficient Equipment.
ITEAM NUMBER LOAD HRS/ KWH/ UNITS
ANNUM ANNUM
CFL 3*10 30W 4*365 30*4*365/ 43.8
1000
T-5 4*30 120W 6*365 120*6* 262.8
TUBE 365/1000
LIGHT
EFFICIENT 3*50 150W 15*300 150*15 675
FANS *300/1000
REFRIGATO 1 NO 100W 24*365 100*24*36 876
R 5/1000
TOTAL
1857.7 KWH/Annum
154.8 KWH/MONTH
 Energy Audit :
• Energy Audit means the verification, monitoring and
analysis of use of energy including submission of technical
report containing recommendations for improving energy
efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to
reduce energy consumption.
OR
• Energy Audit is a systematic study of energy inputs,
conversion and outputs of energy consuming equipments.
• Goal of Energy Audit is to reduce energy consumption per
unit.
 What is the Need For Energy Audit?

• The three top operating costs are often found to be

– Energy (both electrical & thermal)
– Labor
– Material.
• Has highest potential for cost reduction.
 Which are the Types Of Energy Audit?

• Walk through Audit

• Targeted Energy Audit

• Detailed Energy Audit

How will you do Energy Audit in my

industry/institution?
 Three General phases of Energy Audit.

PHASE-I: – Pre audit Phase ( Say for example )

Step Plan Of Action
1  Plan
 Walk Through Audit
 Informal Interview
2  Introductory meeting
with all divisional heads
and persons concerned
with EM. (1-2 Hrs)
Purpose
 Organize EA team and Instruments.
 Macro DATA collection.
 Familiarization with PLANT activity.
 Identify MAJOR energy consumption area.
 To Build Cooperation.
 Awareness.
 Discuss Issues.
 PHASE-II :- Audit Phase
Step Plan Of Action Purpose
1  DATA COLLECTION:-  Setting up Base line Energy Consumption.
Process Flow, Air flow, (Minimum 12 month Electricity Bill analysis.)
Water flow, Utility  Prepare process flow chart.
diagrams, Load Rated  Understand Air, Water consumption pattern.
Data.  KWH consumption pattern. Production/ KWH.
2  Conduct detailed  Measurement: Motor survey, Insulation,
survey, monitoring and Lighting survey, Flue gas analysis, Electrical and
analysis Thermal measurement with respect to utility.
 Test: FAD test of air compressor, Load variation
Trend in Pumps, Air compressor, Fans.
 Energy use and waste analysis.
 Cost benefit analysis
3  Energy Conservation  Review ideas suggested by unit person and
(ENCON) opportunities. previous EA report, Contact vendors for new
technology.
4  Draft report submission  To Add or delete Suggestion from both sides in
and presentation to top final EA report.
management.
 PHASE-III :- POST Audit Phase

Step Plan Of Action Purpose

1  Implementation and  Implementation of ENCON recommendation
Follow up. measures and Monitor the performance.
 Action plan, Implementation, comparative
study of past and present system, periodic review.
Some example to Conduct Energy Audit.

• Lighting Load
• Motor
• Capacitor
• AC
• Water Pump
 Energy Performance Assessment of
Transformer.
• For the evaluation of transformer, load losses & no load
losses are calculated from the data sheet of transformer.
• Total Losses = No Load Loss + [(Present / Rated) Load] ² *
Load Losses
• So, % Efficiency = P * KVA Rating * 1000 *100 / ( P * KVA
Rating * PF * 1000 ) + NL + ( LL * P ² * T )
• Where,
• P = Per unit loading.
• NL = No load losses in watts.
• LL = Load losses in watts.
• T = Temperature correction factor. = 1.026.
• Pf = Power factor of load.
Energy Performance Assessment of Air
Compressor.
• There are two methods to find out the free air delivery
of the compressor : (a) Nozzle Method (b) Pump Up
Method
(Receiver Filling method). Mostly Pump Up Method
is used in industries for measurement.
1. Actual Free Discharge = Qf = (P2 – P1) / P0 * V / T
Nm³ / Minute
Where, P2 = Final Pressure after filling, kg/cm²
P1 = Initial Pressure = 1.1 kg/cm²
P0 = Atmospheric Pressure = 1.026 kg/cm²
V = Storage Volume in m³
T = Time take to builld up pressure to P2 in
minutes.
• 2. Isothermal Power Requirment :
Isothermal Power, KW = P1 * Qf * logₑr /
36.7
Where, P1 = Absolute Intake Pressure, kg/cm²
Qf = Free Air Delivered, m³/hr
r = Pressure Ratio = P2/P1

3. Isothermal Efficiency :
= [ Isothermal Power / Compressor Input
Power (Motor Power) ] * 100
• > Measures to improve efficiency of Air
Compressor :
1. Placed in dry atmosphere with easy ventilation
of air.
2. Clean Inlet filters of compressors.
3. Carry out periodic test.
4. Fouled inter-coolers reduce compressor
efficiency and cause more water condensation in
air receiver and distribution
lines resulting in increased corrosion. Periodic
cleaning of inter-coolers must be ensured.
 Energy Performance Assessment of
Furnace.
• Efficiency of Furnace = ( Heat Output / Heat input
) * 100
• So, Heat Input = m * Cp * GCV of Material
• And, Heat Output = m * Cp * ΔT
• = m * Cp * (T2 – T1)
• Where, m = Mass of Input Material
• Cp = Specific Heat of material
• T2 = Final Material Temperature
• T1 = Initial Material Temperature.
 Characteristics of an Efficient furnace :
• 1. Furnace should be designed so that in a given
time, as much of material as possible can be
heated to an uniform temperature as possible
with the least possible fuel and labour.
• 2. Liberation of sufficient heat within the furnace
to heat the stock and overcome all heat losses.
• 3. Reduction in heat losses.
 Energy Performance Assessment of
Boiler.
• , Boiler efficiency = (Heat Output / Heat Input ) * 100
= [ Q * (hg– hf) / q * GCV ] * 100
Where, Q = Quantity of steam generated per hour (Q) in
kg/hr
hg = Enthalpy of saturated steam in kCal/kg of steam
hf – Enthalpy of feed water in kCal/kg of water
q = Quantity of fuel used per hour (q) in kg/hr
GCV = gross calorific value of the fuel (GCV) in
kCal/kg of fuel

• Increased temperature of water will lead you to savings in

fuel and money well.
 Lighting Measurements & Audit.

• Measure lux at diff. point with Room area (m2).

• Measure Lighting Power.
• Calculate Lux/w/m2.
• Compare With BEE standards.
• Give suggestion.
 Motor Measurements & Loading.
• Measurements:-
V, I, Kw, PF, Kvar, Kva, F, Rated data
% Loading= [Meas. Kw/ (Name Plated Kw/Eff.)
• Replace motor by star rated Energy Saver motors.
• Install Capacitor for PF improvement.
KVAR=kw[tan(theta1)-tan(theta2)].
 Capacitor.
• Use to improve PF.
• Check the capacitor current.
• 1 KVAR= 1.32 amp.

* Periodically checking is required.

 AC measurements & Audit.
• Measurements at suction side
WBT, DBT, Air Velocity, Filter Area.
• Measurements at discharge side
WBT, DBT, Air Velocity
• Calculate TR= Air Density* Air Flow(m3/hr) *(Supply
air Enthalpy- Outlet air Enthalpy)/3024.
Power Saving Opportunity
*Replace Conventional AC by Power Saver AC.
 Water Pumping System.
Measurements:-

Motor
- Collect Motor name plated KW, PF, % Eff.
- Measure 3 phase power of motor.
- Calculate % loading
= [measured, KW/(Name plated, KW/ % Eff.)]*100
Flow
- Suction & Discharge, Head (Mtr.)
- Measure discharge flow (m3/hr), Discharge Pressure (kg/cm2).
- Calculate Hydr. Power= (flow) * (row) * (g) * (Total head) /1000.

% Eff= [Hyd. Power/kw] * 100.

Suggestion - do proper sizing of pumping system.

- Replace conventional pump by star rated pump.
 RESERVOIR

STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD

PRESSURE
GAUGE

TOTAL STATIC HEAD FLOW

PUMP
METER
DISCHARGE

PUMP
INLET

PUMP

STATIC SUCTION HEAD

SOURCE
• Replacing 1 ballasted tube lights with T5 LED light,
• Power Consumption of single tube light = 70 to 80 watts
• Total number of tube lights = 1
• Power consumption of T5 LED light = 20 watts
• Total Power savings = (80 – 20) × 1
• = 60 watts
• Total energy savings per month = 60 × 8 hours × 26 days
• = 12.5 kWh (12.5 unit)
• Energy Charge per unit = 7 Rs.
• Total energy savings in terms of money = 7 Rs. × 12.5
• = 87.5 Rs. per month.
• Total Cost of replacing all ballasted light with T5 LED lights = 1 × 800 Rs.
• = 800 Rs.
• Payback Period of Money = 800/87.5 = 9.14 months
• Price of watt LED flood light is 800 Rs.. For 1 numbers of T5 light, amount required would be 800
Rs. In approximate 9.14 months, investment will be recovered and after that 87.5 Rs. will be saved
each month.
 Typical Energy Audit Questions should
arise in your mind.
• What function does this system ?
• How does this system serve its function?
• What is the energy consumption of this system?
• How much hours/ day this system works?
• How much days/Annum this system works?
• If this system is not working properly, how can it be
restored to good working condition?
• How can the energy cost/Year or month of this system be
reduced?
 Authorization of Energy Audit.

• BEE- EA and EM
• GEDA
• Chief Electrical Inspector
 Energy Conservation ACTs and Related
Policies.
• Energy conservation ACT 2001, 2010,Electricity ACT 2003.
• Schemes of BEE under EC Act-2001
 ECBC
S&L
 DSM
 Bachat Lamp Yojana
 SMEs
 Designated consumers
 Certified EM and EA.
• National Action Plan on Climate Changes
 Images of some Loads of Industrial &
Commercial.
• Lighting
• Air Compressors.
• HVAC
• Blowers.
• AHUs.
• Boilers.
• Furnaces.
• Cooling Tower.
Lighting
Air Compressor
HVAC
Pump
Blower
Cooling Tower
Furnace
Which Instruments used For Energy Audit ?
 Power & 3 Phase Clip-On
Harmonics Meter (1000A
Capacity).
Analyzer.
• Used for measurement of AC
Useful to measure and store every parameter of single and and DC currents, voltages and
multi-phase system including waveform of supply, harmonics frequency without braking any
and its THD value, phasor diagram and transient value of connection.
system. It also provides Active power, Reactive Power and
Apparent Power with real time Power Factor and phase
unbalance with neutral current.
 Digital
Digital Ultrasonic
Thermo Flow Meter.
Anemometer. • An ultrasonic flow
meter measures the velocity of
a fluid with ultrasound to
calculate volume flow. It varies
It is versatile dual function instruments that quickly and easily based on type of fluid and type
measure air velocity in four field selectable ranges, in either foot of pipe.
per minute or meters per second, plus air temperature in °F or
°C.
 Micro Digital Infrared
Manometer Pyrometer.
With Pitot • It is used to measure surface
temperature for different
material with infrared signal.

Tube.
It can measure pressure from -1000 to 1000 Pa and velocity
from 0 to 40 m/sec.
 Digital
Digital Multi Meter.
Temperature
•
Meter.
Used to measure AC and DC
Voltage, AC and DC Current,
Frequency, resistance
connectivity and many more
with respect to industrial
ratings.

It is used to measure the temperature.

 Digital
Differential Digital Lux Meter.
• The lux is the SI derived unit of

Pressure illuminance and luminous

emittance, measuring luminous
flux per unit area. This is used

Indicator.
It is used to measure absolute pressure e.g. for
to measure the intensity of light
at particular point.

pressure compensation in velocity ducts, laboratories

and production processes.
 Digital Digital Power Factor
Tachometer. Meter.

A tachometer is a sensor device used to measure the rotation

speed of an object such as the engine shaft in a car, and is • It is used to measure the power
usually restricted to mechanical or electrical instruments. This factor.
device indicates the revolutions per minute (RPM) performed by
the object without any contact with body.
• Ultrasonic Flow meter
 What will be the Report format ?
• Acknowledgement
• Savings summary and suggestions
• Bill Analysis
• Transformer Efficiency
• APFC
• Air compressors
• HVACs
• Pumps
• Cooling Towers
• Blowers
• Lightings
• Utility Power
• Feeder Power
• Annexure
• Vendors
Thank you for watching!

Any questions?

Charuttar Education & Navrachana Trust, Anand.

EC Awareness Workshop Sponsored By GEDA.
(Gujarat Energy Developemet Agency)
 Contact
Us On:
Email Id : energy@centanand.org
: jaydarji76342@gmail.com
CHARUTTAR EDUCATION AND
NAVRACHANA TRUST – ANAND. Contact No :
Dir. Hasmukh Sutaria (General Secretary CENT) :
9099510408.
Jay Darji (Project Engineer, CENT) :
9974947548.