MUGHAL CITIES OF

MEDIVAL PERIOD
1500s to 1800s
 LANDSCAPE

Market centers Capital towns

Religious centers Admin towns
Port cities Strategic towns

Lahore Shajahanabad
Ajmer Agra
Ujjain Fatehpur sikri
Allahabad
Aurangabad
Gwalior
 ELEMENTS OF MUGHAL CITY PLANNING

• Cities as Centers of Power and Authority

• Planning and Fortification
• Chowks or Market places
• Sacred paces
• Caravan sarais
• Mughal gardens
• Planning and Fortification
• Mughal Gardens
 Tomb Gardens
Plain Gardens
Palace Gardens
Terraced Gardens
• City of Lahore
Source: Analyzing the City Urban Form of Lahore, Pakistan through its evolution,CEPT
• Caravansarai – Place of stay for merchants and traders
• Sacred Spaces

Chisthis ____ Dargahs, Tombs, Mausoleums

which in turn are used as Public halls, Gathering spaces for meetings
• PORT CITIES
 GANDHINAGAR
• Planning principles
• Various development interventions that shaped the city
 INTRODUCTION
Location :23 kms North of Gujarat
Function: Administrative capital include –
cultural , civic buildings
Designed for: 1,50,000 People
Planning Based on :
Chandigarh and Bhubaneswar

City of Gandhinagar

City of Ahmedabad

Sabarmati
River

TIMELINE OF GANDHINAGAR
13th CE -King Pethasinh of Pethapur, ruled over Shertha town PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
1411 -Sultan Ahmed Shah
Infrastructure – 1970 to 80 Gandhian City
British Rule

1960, Bombay state was split in two different Less pollution – 1980 to 90 Unpolluted city
states, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

1960 New capital- built on land which was once part of Pethapur Trees planted – 1990 Green city
state
Triple Focus – 2002 :Green, Solar Energy and
1965-City was planned by chief Architect H.K. Mewada and Cosmopolitan
Prakash M Apte

Smart City - 2015

Source :The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India

Aim: To establish and maintain a
separate identity for the capital
Why Gandhinagar??
• Centrally located
• Connectivity
• Close to Ahmedabad
• Help in promotion of economy in
small towns & villages
• Acquired land was not suitable
for agriculture
Concept:
• Garden city
• Residential Sector – 30
Nos.
• 39 villages was brought under a
Periphery Control Act -new development
of farm houses only.
• Western bank of the river Sabarmati- City
was planned
• North – Thermal power plant (industrial
zone) covered by green belt
• Expected population – 1,50,000 people :
FAR 1, if 4,50,000 people : FAR 2.
• Predicted growth – North west to avoid
merging with Ahmedabad
• 30 additional residential sector was
planned

• The main roads were Gird

iron but the internal roads
reflected the tradition of
Gujarat- Organic Narrow
alley

Source:
The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India
Approach to design of Indian cities
 Land use plan of Gandhinagar

Source:
The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India
Approach to design of Indian cities
 House distribution categories on income

Central Vista, Gandhi nagar

Gandhi nagar showing principal axes and major

landmarks
 Original concept for future expansion & physical extension maintaining the Axis and
Urban design.

Source: Gandhinagar Endangered -A Capital's Plan Dismantled by Prakash M Apte

Development of Gandhinagar
towards Ahmedabad- THREAT of
losing Identity

Gandhinagar

Newly developed
Economic Corridor
( THREAT)- 2002

Ahmedabad
 CITY PLANNING

Merits Demerits
• Each sector was self sustained- • Open spaces/ Green belts- lack of
community center, clinic, school maintenance.
• All within distributary roads. • Strict land control – shortage of
land- increase in cost
• Roads avoid direct sun 30°- NW
• Only administration- no big
to SE and 60°- NE to SW
hospitals
• Light industries inside sectors • No identity-All sectors looked
reduce pollution same.

Source: Gandhinagar Endangered -A Capital's Plan Dismantled by Prakash M Apte

Land Pooling and Readjustment Method – Used in Gujarat and Maharashtra

• The public planning agency or development authority temporarily brings together a group of
landowners for the purpose of planning, under the aegis of the state-level town or urban planning
act.

• As there is no acquisition or transfer of ownership involved, there is no case for paying

compensation.

• A master plan of the area is prepared, laying out the roads and plots for social amenities.

• The remaining land is reconstituted into final plots for the original owners. The size of the final plot is
in proportion to the size of the original plot, and its location is as close as possible to the original
plot.

+ All the land, except whatever is needed for infrastructure development and social
amenities, remains with the original owner. The development agency plays a limited role
in ensuring planned urban growth.
+ The increment in land value resulting from the development accrues to the original owner
whenever the land is sold and developed for urban use. Thus the benefit of development
goes to the original owner instead of the development agency.
- This method is time consuming, since the procedure prescribed for preparation and
implementation of such land pooling or readjustment schemes is unduly complicated
and cumbersome.
- Betterment charges are assessed at the beginning of the land pooling or readjustment
scheme preparation. Due to the inordinate delays in finalizing schemes, the betterment
charges levied on finalization of the scheme do not meet the cost of the infrastructure
provided.
Land Pooling method

Original irregular land parcels Original irregular land parcels Final regular land parcels with
with proposed roads and amenity proposed roads and amenity
GUDA - Draft First Revised Development Plan – 2024

• The 388 sq km area under GUDA includes the 57 sq km area under the Gandhinagar Municipal
Corporation (GMC).

• The Development Plan has been prepared for a period of forthcoming two decades,
comprehensive plan includes concepts for
- Growth and land development,
- Affordable housing,
- Infrastructure for urbanization amongst other considerations.

• Census of India (2011), 2021- future population of 2,40,620

2031- future population of 3,35,678 .

• Population projections for the 39 villages of GUDA area

2021- future population of 2,50,885
2031- future population of 2,81,326

• Institutional developments in and around Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation

additional 3,38,000 people would be added further

• Total population for the entire GUDA area to almost 10,00,000 people.
• To accommodate the growing population in the city, development proposals have been
made based on the principles of sustainability and affordability.

Source – GUDA -First Revised Development Plan – 2024

 AIM: a. Architectural Control Sheets shall cease to control building
development regulations and the new GDCR shall take
A green precedence.
comprehensively
planned, b. ‘Sanad’ shall cease to govern building control regulations; the new
environmentally GDCR shall take precedence over it.
sustainable,
institutional city with c. Strengthening and conserving the Greens of Gandhinagar ‘Green
unique character and Institutional Core Zone’ planned along the Central Vista covering an
identity area of 470 ha.

d. Provision for land for Affordable housing in GMC area

e. Provision of land for Urban Amenities

f. Provision of land for new schools

g. Provision of land for Farmers’ market (Sector-6) and Whole-sale

market (Sector 30)

h. Facilitating high-rise commercial development

i. Green Street Network, Public Transit and Cycle Sharing project will be
implemented

j. Rejuvenation of inactive urban areas through redevelopment

k. Redevelopment regulations for private plots upto 135 sq m.

l. One more floor for everybody in GMC

OUTSIDE GMC AREA

1. Improving land-use efficiency to improve affordability (outside GMC

area)

2. One step further towards affordability.

3. Creation of East Gandhinagar- an Institutional city

4. Regulations for sustainable development

5. Road Network proposal consisting of 56 km of Main Roads, 30 km of

Service Roads, 21 km long By-Pass road and 14 km long Urban Ring
Road

6. CCTV installation regulations introduced for commercial buildings

7. Higher FSI provision in the GIDC Electronics Estate

8. Planning for Solid-waste Management, Water Treatment Plant and

Sewage Treatment Plant for future requirements

9. Lake Development beautification projects

10. Parking Management plan shall be provided mandatorily for

commercial developments.

11. Hi-Tech Agricultural cluster at Dabhoda for which 11 ha are earmarked

c. Green Institutional Core Zone
e f

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