GENERAL VIEW OF

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
 INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA

• Prokaryotic(primitive neucleus ,without nuclear

memberane)
• They are most abundant microorganisms.
• Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan(abscent in
Mycoplasma)
• Grouped under 4 categories acc to shape:
• Spherical (coccus) , rod shaped (bacillus)
• Comma shaped (vibrium) & spiral shaped
(spirillum) .
 STAPHYLOCOCCUS
• Gram positive ,flagella abscent,non spore forming.
• Coagulase +ve, catalase +ve ,Oxidase –ve.
• Selective media : MANNITOL SALT AGAR & BEARD-
PARKER AGAR.
• Bunch of grapes like colony.
• Shows Double hemolysis / hot-cold hemolysis
(S.hycus is non hemolyic).
• S.aureus: shows TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
• Protein A present which prevents opsonisation.
• Biofilm formation occurs in Staphylococcus.
• Diseases: Mastitis in cattle,Botryomycosis in horse &
sows, Bumble-foot disease in poultry(S.aureus).
 STREPTOCOCCUS
• Gram +ve, non motile, chain of cocci.
• TRANSLUSCENT colonies.
• Catalase –ve, coagulase +ve & oxidase –ve.
• Hemolysis (Beta- complete , Alpha –partial).
• Peptidoglycan layer of Strep. Contains C substance.
• S.pneumoniae shows QUELLING reaction.
• Selective media : EDWARD’S MEDIA & E.faecalis can grow
on MacConkey agar.
• Diagnosis: CAMP test for S.agalactiae.
• Diseases: Scarlet fever in humans (S.pyogenes) (DICK test
is done ),Chronic Mastitis(S.agalactiae),acute
mastitis(S.dysagalactiae),STRANGLES in horses (S.equi)
 CORYNEBACTERIUM
• Gram+ve, Pleomorphic,non motile, INTRACELLULAR bacteria.
• Cell wall contains DAP, Arabinogalactin,Mycolic acid.
• Shows PALLISADE or CRISS CROSS ARRANGEMENT,
also called as” CHINESE LETTER APPEARANCE”.
• C.renale :found in urine & CAMP +ve.
• “BABES –ERNST” Granules are found in this bacteria.
• C.pseudotuberculosis shows ONION RING app in
lymph nodes of Sheep.
• Mostly non capsulated except Rhodococcus equi.
• R.equi shows MZN.
• Diseases: Balanoposthitis &”Pizzle rot” in
rams(C.renale),”Piegonfever”(C.pseudotuberculosis)
,”SUMMER MASTITIS” (Arachnobacter.pyogens).
 LISTERIA
• Gram +ve ,motile ( Peritrichous flagella).
• L.monocytogens &L.ivanovii are HEMOLYTIC.
• PALCAM & OXFORD AGAR are selective media.
• Shows “TUMBLING” motility.
• Shows UMBRELLA like pattern in semisolid media.
• Diagnosis: CAMP test & “ANTONS EYE TEST” for
L.monocytogens.
• Diseases: “CIRCLING DISEASE/ SILAGE DISEASE”
(L.monocytogens),also cause Abortion in 3rd trimester.
• L.monocytogens show “COLD ENRICHMENT
PHENOMENON” & “ASCULIN hydrolysis”.
 CLOSTRIDIUM
• Gram +ve , Motile(Peritichous flagella) except
C.perfringens.
• Strictly anaerobic (5-10% CO2) except C.perfringens.&
non capsulated except C.perfringens.
• “ROBERTSON COOKED MEAT MEDIA” is special media
for Clostridium.
• C.tetani shows “SWARMING GROWTH”& ”DRUM
STICK” appearance.
• C.chauvoei is CIGAR shaped & cause “BLACK QUARTER”
disease.
• C.botulinum type C causes “SHAKER ‘s FOAL
SYNDROME”or “FLOPPY BABY SYNDROME”
 C.tetani & C.botulinum
C.tetani C.botulinum
• Shows activity at Synaptic • Shows activity at
junctions.,inhibits Neuromuscular
inhibitory Synaptic junctions,Acetyl choline is
receptors. unable to bind.
• Have 7 antigenic variants.
• Neurotoxin is • Cause “FLACID
TETANOSPASMIN PARALYSIS”.
• Cause “SPASTIK • “Wasp waste
PARALYSIS” or “SAW appearance”
HORSE/LOCK JAW”
appearance
 C.perfringens
• Shows CAMP test & “NAGLAR
REACTION”(alpha toxin present)
• C.perfringens & C.novyi shows LECITHINASE
ACTIVITY.
• Shows “STORMY CLOT”.
• Show DOUBLE ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS.
• Type D causes “Pulpy kidney disease”
 MYCOBACTERIUM
• Gram positive,Aerobic,Non spore forming ,Non motile,
Rod shaped acid fast bacilli.
• They are Intracellular pathogens.
• STONE BRICK’S & Lowenstein-Jensen medium
media is used for growth.
• Cell wall of Mycobacterium contains Mycolic acid.
• Cell wall is stained by Ziel Nelson staining.
M.tuberculosis :Shows EUGONIC GROWTH, M.Bovis: Shows
DYSGONIC GROWTH.
M.paratuberculosis: grows best on HAROLD’S EGG YOLK media.
On staining Mycobacterium show “beaded appearance”
• M.tuberculosis have rough colonies and
do not break easily whereas M.Bovis have
cream coloured colonies & easily break.
• M.Bovis shows Delayed type
Hypersensitivity(Type 4).
• Diseases:M.bovis cause bovine tuberculosis.
• M.paratuberculosis: causes Johne's disease
in cattle.
 SALMONELLA
• Gram –ve , motile.
• Selective media : XLD AGAR (Xylene Lysine
Deoxycholate agar) , H2S Production takes place.
• S.pullorum cause “Bacillary white diarrhoea “in
chicks, S.gallinarum causes “Fowl typhoid” in adult
birds, S.dublin causes “joint ill “ in calves.
• Diagnosis :XLD agar
• BRILLIANT GREEN AGAR : RED coloured colonies.
• Sub culture on TSI (Triple Sugar Iron).
• Diagnosis : IMVIC test:
I(negative),M(positive),VI(negative),C(positive).
• Phage typing in S.typhimurium
 Escherichia coli
• Gram +ve ,Motile, peritrichous flagella, Show alpha
Hemolysis on blood agar, Coliform bacteria.
• They are ZOONOTIC.
• Grow on MacConkey agar, blood agar, EMB agar.
• Colonies on MacConkey agar are bright pink.
• On EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue ) agar , colonies show
“green metallic sheen”.
• COLIGRANULOMA or HJARRE’S disease in poultry.
• “Fading puppy Syndrome” (Colisepticemia) in dogs.
• “Mushy Yolk disease”(omphalitis) in poultry.
• Diagnosis : IMVIC test:
I(positive),M(positive),VI(negative),C(negative).
 BRUCELLA
• Gram –ve , non motile , cocobacillary MZN +ve.
• Organism is Capnophilic, catalase +ve ( except B.ovis
& B.neotomae), Urease +ve ( except B.ovis).
• Selective media : SERUM DEXTROSE AGAR,
COLUMBIA AGAR , CRYPTOSE SOYA AGAR.
• B.abortus , B.malitensis & B.suis are smooth &
shows small, glistening, bluish& transluscent
colonies
• B.ovis & B.canis are rough form & shows
dull,yellowish, opaque & friable colonies..
• B.abortus is also called as “BANGS
BACILLUS”& Causes ABORTION .
• B.malitensis causes undulant fever in humans
called as “MALTA FEVER”.
• Brucella are NON HEMOLYTIC.
• B.abortus Infects mature animals with
prediliction for reproductive tract of males
and females because of presence of
“ERYTHRITOL” which stimulates its growth.
 PASTEURELLA
• Gram –ve, rod or coccobacillus, non motile.
• Catalase +ve , Oxidase +ve.
• Growth occurs in BLOOD AGAR .
• Shows “BIPOLAR STAINING”.
• P.multocida do not grow on MacConkey agar.
• P.multocida type A causes Bovine pneumonic
pasteurellosis or “SHIPPING FEVER “in cattle
• Type B causes H.S , Type D causes “Atropic Rhinitis” in
pigs.
• Tissue samples stained with Giemsa stain shows
BIPOLAR STAINING.
 BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
• Gram +ve, Resistant endospore formation, non motile.
• Catalase +ve, Oxidase-ve.
• On Nutrient agar colonies show “ MEDUSA HEAD”
appearance & when observed microscopically shows
“BAMBOO STICK “ appearance.
• B.anthracis have greyish colonies & shows
“GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE”.
• On gelatin slab shows “INVERTED FIR
APPEARANCE.”
• Causes ANTHRAX (ZOONOTIC DISEASE).
• Diagnosis : MacFydean reaction , ASCOLI’S test.
 LEPTOSPIRA
• Leptospira are aerobic, gram-negative spirochetes.
• They have characteristic corkscrew-like motility.
• the infection can be transmitted venereally or
transplacentally.
• L interrogans pomona causes “MOON BLINDNESS”
in horses also called as EQUINE RECURRENT
UVEITIS/ PERIODIC OPTHALMIA.
• EMJH media is used.
• Diagnosis: The microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
is most frequently used.
 ACTINOBACILLUS
• Gram –ve, Pleomorphic, non motile.
• A.equilli is HEMOLYTIC.
• A.suis & A.equilli show pink colonies on MacConkey agar
except A.pleuropneumoniae & A.seminis does not grow on
MacConkey agar.
• A lignieresii ,A suis & A equuli has SLIME formation on media.
• Catalase +ve except A.semenis.
• A.ligneresi cause “WOODEN TONGUE” disease in
cattle, A.equilli cause “SLEEPY FOAL “ disease .
• Selective media for A.pleuropneumoniae is
CHOCOLATE AGAR.
• A.pleuropneumoniae have capsule, abscent in others
& it shows CAMP test.
 ACTINOMYCES
• Gram +ve ,non spore forming, non motile.
• A.suis gives Coryneform type colonies.
• All species affect oral mucosa except A.
hordeovulnaris.
• A.bovis causes “LUMPY JAW” disesase in
cattle due to rarifying Osteomyelitis.
 CAMPYLOBACTER
• Gram –ve rods in “Gull winged shapes” & spiral
forms.
• Motile, non fermentive , Oxidase +ve.
• Many species grow on MacConkey Agar.
• Most of the species are +nt in intenstinal tract but
C.fetus subsp veneralis is +nt in bovine
reproductive tract(bovine preputial mucosa).
• C.fetus subsp fetus causes Still birth & Abortion
in Sheep & goats.
• C.jejuni cause Enteritis in dogs.
 CHLAMYDIAE
• Spherical intracellular bacteria with unique
developmental cycle.
• “ELIMENTARY BODIES “are present
• Cell wall lacks Peptidoglycan but contains genus
specific Lipopolysaccharides.
• Staining by MZN.
• C.abortus causes “Enzootic abortion” in ewes.
• C.felis causes “Conjuctivitis “ in Cats.
 MYCOPLASMA
• “CELL WALL IS ABSENT”.
• Smallest prokaryote, faccultative anaerob.
• Also called as PPLO & it is also used as a media in
mycoplasma.
• Colonies observed in light it shows “fried egg
appearance” .
• Knob like colonies or “umbonate” colonies.
• Diseases : “ CBPP” by M.mycoites(on P.M tissues
show “Marble like appearance”, “CCPP “in
caprines by M.capripneumonae , “CRD” in poultry
by M.gallisepticum.
 THANK YOU

• SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

• VIVEK (2015V157B-IIVER) DR Mohd.YOUNIS