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Transport Layer
3.6 Principles of
3.4 Principles of
reliable data transfer congestion control
3.7 TCP congestion
control
connection setup
unreliable, unordered
network
data link
physicalnetwork
delivery: UDP data link
physical
no-frills extension of network
data link
“best-effort” IP
application
physical network transport
data link network
services not available:
physical data link
physical
delay guarantees
bandwidth guarantees
3.6 Principles of
3.4 Principles of
reliable data transfer congestion control
3.7 TCP congestion
control
P3 P1
P1 P2 P4 application
application application
host 2 host 3
host 1
Transport Layer 3-8
How demultiplexing works
host receives IP datagrams
each datagram has source 32 bits
IP address, destination IP
address source port # dest port #
P2 P1
P1
P3
P1 P4 P5 P6 P2 P1P3
SP: 5775
DP: 80
S-IP: B
D-IP:C
P1 P4 P2 P1P3
SP: 5775
DP: 80
S-IP: B
D-IP:C
3.6 Principles of
3.4 Principles of
reliable data transfer congestion control
3.7 TCP congestion
control
Sender: Receiver:
treat segment contents compute checksum of
as sequence of 16-bit received segment
integers check if computed checksum
checksum: addition (1’s equals checksum field value:
complement sum) of NO - error detected
segment contents YES - no error detected.
sender puts checksum But maybe errors
value into UDP checksum nonetheless? More later
field ….
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
wraparound 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
sum 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
checksum 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Transport Layer 3-19