IST699 - Graduate Capstone

Fall 2019
By: Irfanullah Jan
 Problem
• The Pashto language students at the Defense
Language Institute (DLI) master the language
with good performance but the cultural
aspects, especially the code of ethics of the
language are more challenging for them.
• Students are expected to speak, write,
and fully master the cultural aspects,
especially the code of ethics of the
Pashtunwali and the Pashtun tribe.
• Students are asked in the Oral Proficiency
Interview (OPI) about the code of ethic
principles to test their knowledge.
 Methods/Procedure
• I will be using the online or “asynchronous e-
Learning” and Learning Management
System (LMS) delivery format for this design.
• The reason I have chosen this approach is
that the students will be able to use and
access the training from anywhere and
anytime through the internet. Having access
to training materials through the internet
makes the training more convenient for the
users.
 Each principle of the code, Solution

This training design module will

encompass the four principles of the
Pashtunwali
• “Melmastia (hospitality),
• Nanawati (forgiveness or asylum),
• Badal (Justice/ revenge)
• Naamus (Protection of women)”
First Principle:
Melmastia (hospitality)
• Melmastia – hospitality: This hospitality
requires that any person be afforded
the host’s protection. While in the care
and company of the host, a guest
should neither be harmed nor
surrendered to an enemy.
Second Principle: Nanawatay
(Asylum, mercy)

• Nanawatay – asylum, mercy or

forgiveness: This is used to describe
protection extended to a person who
requests protection against his/her
enemies even if the request for asylum
and protection is sought among the
enemy.
Third Principle: Badal (Justice/ revenge)

• Badal (justice and revenge) – To seek

justice or take revenge against the
wrongdoer. No time limit restricts the
period in which revenge can be taken.
Fourth Principle: Naamus
(Protection of women)
• Naamus This is the fourth and last
principle and must be defended. of
the Pushtonwali. For a man and his
family.
• The Pashtun must defend and protect
the Naamus or honor of the women of
his household in any cast.
Thank You!