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Base
Anterior border
Posterior border
Apex
Roof
1-skin
1- splenius capitis
2- levator scapulae
3- scalenus posterior
4- scalenus medius
5- scalenus anterior
All covered by
the prevertebral fascia
Veins
External jugular vein
Muscles
Platysma muscle
Origin
Insertion
Blood supply
Nerve supply
Action
-depresses the mandible
-drawers down the lower lip
Omohyoid muscle:
Origin
Insertion
Nerve supply
Ansa Cervicalis (C1,2 and 3)
Action
depresses hyoid bone
Nerves
Nerves:
Spinal Accessory Nerve
Course
Surface marking
Erb’s point
Torticollis
Torticollis
The cervical plexus:
-anterior primary rami of the upper four cervical nerves
-deep to the SCM
-Each nerve except the first divides into upper and lower branches
The cervical plexus:
*4 Cutaneous Branches:
1-lesser occipital nerve
2-great auricular nerve
3-Transverse cutaneous
Nerve of the neck
4-Supraclavicular nerve
1- motor innervation
of the diaphragm
2- Sensory
A-pericardium
B- mediastinal pleura
C- pleural and
peritoneal
And coverings of the
central part of the
diaphragm
The Brachial plexus:
Surface markings:
Roots
Trunks
Cords
The brachial plexus and subclavian artery may be compressed in
the neck by
1-first part
a. vertebral artery
b. thyrocervical trunk
c. internal thoracic artery
2-second part
* costocervical trunk
a. deep cervical artery
b. superior intercostal artery
first 2 post.intercostal artery
3-third part
* dorsal scapular artery
when it is present it replaces
the deep branch of the
transverse cervical artery
*Transverse Cervical a.
-across the scalenus anterior m
Phrenic n and trunks of the Br
plexus
-across the post.Triangle of the
Neck
*Suprascapular artery
-across the scalenus anterior muscle and the Brachial plexus
Applied aspect
• Palpation and compression of Subclavian
artery in patients with upper limb hemorrhage
• Pleura and lung injuries in the root of the neck
• Cervical rib and Scalenus anticus syndrome
• Dysphagia lusoria
Battle’s sign - Occipital artery
• Periauricular/ mastoid echymosis
Superficial cervical LN
-lie along the external jugular vein in the
posterior triangle, and along the anterior
jugular vein in the anterior triangle
-superficial to the SCM
-Drains into deep cervical LN
-Receives Lymph vessels from the
occipital and mastoid LNs
Neck Dissection
Level V
Posterior triangle of neck
– Posterior border of SCM
– Clavicle
– Anterior border of
trapezius
– Va Spinal accessory
nodes
– Vb Transverse cervical
artery nodes
Radiologic landmark
– Inferior border of Cricoid
– Supraclavicular nodes
Neck Dissection
Neck Dissection
Lateral Neck swellings
Differential Diagnosis:
• Supraclavicular lymph nodes
• Cystic Hygroma
• Pharyngeal pouch
• Cervical rib
• Subclavian aneurysm
• Lipoma
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
• Tuberculosis
• Hodgkin’s disease
• Head and neck Malignancy
• Virchow’s nodes
Virchow’s node
Cystic hygroma
Pharyngeal pouch
Subclavian Aneurysm
References
• Clinical Anatomy for medical students – Richard Snell, 5th
Ed.
• Sicher and DuBRUL’s Oral anatomy, 8th Ed.
• Student’s Gray’s anatomy
• Grant’s Method of Anatomy, A Clinical problem solving
approach, 11th Ed.
• NMS Clinical anatomy – Ernest April, 3rd Ed.
• Stell & Maran’s Head and Neck surgery, 4th Ed.
• B D Chaurasia’s Human anatomy, Volumes 1 & 3
• A Concise textbook of surgery – S Das, 3rd Ed.
• P J Mehta’s Practical Medicine