Effort of Elimination of

IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline

Vessels
1. History of Measures against
IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline
Fishery
1980s Sightings of unknown flagged large-scale
tuna longline vessels in the Mediterranean
1992 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Statistical Document
Program
1994 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Action Plan
1996 ICCAT trade sanction on bluefin tuna starts
1998 ICCAT IUU Action Plan for trade sanction
1998- Japan-Taiwan bilateral consultations
1999- Various countermeasures by RFMOs
2001 FAO IPOA on IUU Fishing
2. Problems
- Flag hopping, change names
- Almost all IUU tuna longline vessels are
owned and operated by Taiwanese residents
- Flag states are the victims of IUU vessel
owners
- Almost all catches are frozen tuna for
sashimi use
- Almost all IUU longline catches are landed
on Japanese market
- Deterioration of tuna stocks
 Examples of Flag Hopping and
Change Names
Previous Name and Flag IUU List 2001 Current Situation
No.
Flag Name of vessel Flag Name of vessel Flag Name of vessel Flag Name of vessel
1 PANAMA GARCIA BELIZE BENNY 168 ? (no import after Apr, 2000)
2 HONDURAS CLOVER 7 BELIZE SHINE YEAR ? (no import after Feb, 2000)
3 MARSUR 7 HONDURAS YING CHIN HSIANG 66 BOLIVIA YING CHIN HSIANG 66 ? *1
4 HULL I-58 E.GUINEA CHIA YING 6 ? (no import after Mar, 2001)
5 HONDURAS MARSUR 5 BELIZE CHIN YOU MING E.GUINEA CHIN YOU MING ? (no import after Aug, 2000)
6 ALTAR 7 E.GUINEA JIYN HORNG 116 ? (no import after Apr, 2001)
7 BELIZE SHUN MEI E.GUINEA LUNG THENG ? (no import after Oct, 2000)
8 CANPANERA 1 HONDURAS YI HSIN 101 E.GUINEA YI HSIN 101 ? (no import after Oct, 2000)
9 SHENG PAO 21 HONDURAS FU AN 6 ? (no import after Feb, 2001)
10 HORNG BILIN HONDURAS PENG SHIN ? (no import after Feb, 2000)
11 CINTA LAUTAN HONDURAS TIM 1 ? (no import after May, 2000)
12 HONDURAS EION 102 HONDURAS YU SUAN 102 ? (no import after Oct, 2000)
13 BENNY 8 PHILIPPINES CITI 8 unknown CITI 8 ? *2
14 BELIZE HSIANG FA 18 PHILIPPINES HSIANG FA 18 ? *2
15 BELIZE HSIANG FA 26 PHILIPPINES HSIANG FA 26 ? *2
16 BELIZE CHIEN CHUNG 602 PHILIPPINES CHIEN CHUNG 602 ? *2
17 BELIZE CHEN CHIEH 88 PHILIPPINES CHEN CHIEH 88 ? *2
18 BELIZE CHEN CHIEH 888 PHILIPPINES CHEN CHIEH 888 ? *2
19 BELIZE SHINN MANN 11 PHILIPPINES SHINN MANN 11 ? *2
20 BELIZE SHINN MANN 21 PHILIPPINES SHINN MANN 21 ? *2
21 BELIZE JAIN YUNG 202 PHILIPPINES JAIN YUNG 202 ? *2
* 1 : "YING CHIN HSIANG 66" had once participated in the Scrapping Program, but the owner of the vessel has escaped from the Program and sold the vessel.
2 : No import after deletion from Philippines registry.
Sample of ICCAT IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessel List
 A List of Flags Used by Taiwanese FOC Vessel Owners
（Number of vessels included in the ICCAT IUU lists)
Flag 1999 2000 2001 2002 Current Situation
BELIZE 83 96 91 30
BOLIVIA 13 12 Trade sanction
CAMBODIA 3 3 10 8 Trade sanction
E. GUINEA 51 50 53 52 All vessels deregistered
GEORGIA 2 Trade sanction
HONDURAS 103 82 62 All vessels deregistered
INDONESIA 1 71 All vessels deregistered
PANAMA 6 13 7
PHILIPPINE 21 15 3 7
SEYCHELLES 3 12 28 20 Legalization
SIERRA LEONE 1 1 1 Trade sanction
SINGAPORE 7 1 1
ST. VINCENT 52 10 10 6
THAILAND 1
VANUATU 6 16 15 Legalization
Others 18 5 11 3
Unkown 2 16 12 217
Total 345 302 396 380
3. Countermeasures
- Focused on persons who actually own and
operate the IUU vessels
- Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs to Eliminate
IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels (LSTLVs)
- Implementation of the programs of vessel
scrapping and vessel re-registration to Taiwan
- Resolutions on non-purchase guidance of IUU
caught tunas by ICCAT & IOTC
- Establishment of OPRT
- Data collection on the history of vessels including
previous vessel and owner names
- IUU vessel listing
 Outline of
Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs
Program Implementation

Japan Scrapping of 62 2001 29 vessels

Japan-built second- 2002 8 vessels
hand LSTLVs by 2003 6 vessels
2003
Total 43 vessels
Scrapping cost:30 million US$

Taiwan Re-registration of 67 2001 2 vessels

newly Taiwan-built 2002 17 vessels
LSTLVs to Taiwan by 2003 28 vessels
2005
2004 1 vessels
Total 48 vessels
Scrapping at an Indonesian
Scrap Yard
 Tunas Imported to Japan against
the Non-Purchase Guidance
1,600
25

1,400

20
1,200
Amount
of Import
1,000
Amount of Import (MT)

Number of Import
15
Number
of Import
800

600 10

400

5
200

0
Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep-
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Required importers to Required importers to ICCAT IUU List was

report vessel name submit records of the revised
etc. vessels

Source: Report from Importers

 Transition of number of
IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels (LSTLVs)
250 IUU-LSTLVs 100 IUU-LSTLVs 30 IUU-LSTLVs
(2000 and before) (2002) (Present)

IUU-LSTLVs
About 25
Taiwan origin IUU-LSTLVs
About 120 Participants of the
About 100 Cooperative Management
70 (built before Jan. 2000)* Scheme***
+ 69
50 (newly built after Jan.2000)

Participants of Participants of
the Re-registration the Re-registration
Program Program
44 48
Participants of
Participants of
Japan origin the Scrapping
the Scrapping Program
(used) Program
43
43
about 130
ICCAT's CPCs' ICCAT's CPCs'
Licensed Licensed
Vessels** Vessels**
about 65 about 65

Note * Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Program to Eliminate IUU Vesels concluded in January 2000.
** CPCs means "Contracting Parties" and "Cooperative non-Contracting Parties, Entities or Fishing Entites".
*** Cooperative Management Schemes between Japan and Seychells/Vanuatu were agreed in July 2003.
4. New Problems

- Tuna laundering
- Use of forged documents
- Non-effectiveness of measures based
on IUU list (negative list)
 An Implication of Tuna Laundering
Amount of Japanese Bigeye Tuna Import from Taiwan and
Number of Vessels Exported over 350MT of Bigeye a Year
90,000 25

80,000

70,000 20
Total
Amount of Import (MT)

60,000

Number of Vessel
15
50,000
Over
40,000 350MT
10
30,000

20,000 5
10,000

0
2000 2001 2002
Source : Report from Importers
Examples of Forged Documents
 A Sample of the Latest IUU-LSTLVs List
PWG-021C 23-Nov-03

List of Large-Scale Longline Vessels Believed to be Engaged in Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported Fishing Activities in the ICCAT
1
Convention Area and Other Areas (for approval by the Commission in 2003) .
Area
Previous Chinese
2002 No. Flag Name of Vessel Owners Name Owners Address Trans Source Note s
Flag name
No. shpmnt
15 1 BELIZE Singpore Meng Fa 368 盟發368 IN CT 10, 14
17 2 BELIZE Japan DER HORNG 569 (MIT O MARU 82) DER WEI FISHERY Co. LT D (CHIN FU FISHERY CO. LT D. S.A.) PA CT 10, 4, 14
26 3 BELIZE TAI HUI (former JUI JHI 101) IN J 10, 14
31 4 BOLIVIA CARLITA LIRGOLD INTERNATIONAL AT J
35 5 BOLIVIA HSIANG FA 888 KWO JENG MARINE SERVICES J 4
39 6 BOLIVIA MIRENTXU MIRENTXU FIXHING CO S.A. PANAMA Uruguay AT J
40 7 BOLIVIA Honduras YING CHIN HSIANG 66 盈智祥66 YING CHIN HSIANG FISHERY/YING T SI SHANG FISHERY CHI. TAIPEI/HONDURAS IN,PA J CT 7
76 8 BOLIVIA E.GUINEA FUH LONG (Jin Chen Horng) 富隆(金成鴻) CHI. TAIPEI IN CT
43 9 CAMBODIA BENNY 87 TUNA KING MARINE S.A. BELIZE AT J CT
44 10 CAMBODIA CANETA 1 CANETA S.R.L. ARGENTINA AT,IN J
45 11 CAMBODIA FU YUAN 668 FU YUAN FISHING OVERSEA J 4
46 12 CAMBODIA GUO JI 908 LUBMAIN SHIPPING SERVICE MALAYSIA AT,IN J
47 13 CAMBODIA KASMINA 1 STOVER TRADING BRITISH VIRGIN IS. IN,PA J
48 14 CAMBODIA MENG FA 316 MENG FA FISHERY CHI. TAIPEI J 4
49 15 CAMBODIA SOFIA 6 CINGOMAR FISHING COMPANY CT 4
50 16 CAMBODIA BENNY 78 TUNA KING MARINE S.A. BELIZE AT J CT
102 17 E.GUINEA/ST.VINCENT HSIANG PAO 601 翔寶601 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT CT US
103 18 GEORGIA SANTA SHINE YEAR MARITIME S.A. Singapore AT J
104 19 GEORGIA SHANG DAR SHANG DAR FISHERY INC. Singapore PA J
new 20 GEORGIA LUCKY STAR 1 J
new 21 GEORGIA LUCKY STAR 2 J
107 22 PANAMA APOLO 202 MARSHALL MARINE PANAMA IN J
109 23 PANAMA HSIANG FA 翔発 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US
111 24 PANAMA KOPAS 88 CARYFORT SOCIEDAD ANONIMA AT J 9
113 25 SEYCHELLES CARINA LEEWARD FISHING LIMITED Seychelles AT J 11, 9
126 26 SEYCHELLES SEA GRAND SEAGRAND MARINE SEYCHELLES IN J 11, 10
127 27 SEYCHELLES SEA WISE SEA WISE MARINE FISHERY SEYCHELLES AT,IN J 11, 10
131 28 SIERRA LEONE BEST OF SL LUCKY FISHERY SIERRA LEONE AT J
132 29 SRI LANKA LANKA STAR 21 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US
133 30 SRI LANKA Sheng Pao 5 聖寶5 PA CT
135 31 ST.VINCENT HSIANG PAO 101 翔寶101 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US 12
136 32 ST.VINCENT HSIANG PAO 102 翔寶102 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US 12
137 33 ST.VINCENT MIRANDA CLIPPER SOUTH AFRICA AT,PA J 12
138 34 ST.VINCENT WEN SHUN 621 CONTINENTAL HANDLERS AT US 12
361 257 VICI 18 P.T.YAKITAMA ANDALAN PUTRA INDONESIA IN J 8
362 258 VICI 8 P.T.YAKITAMA ANDALAN PUTRA INDONESIA IN J 8
363 259 VICTORY 1 維多利亜1 VICTORY FISHERY SINGAPORE IN J
364 260 Belize Victory 88 AT, IN CT
365 261 Belize VIRGO VIRGO FISHERY BELIZE IN J 6
367 262 Wen Sheng 16 穩盛16 AT, IN CT
369 263 YU CHA 606 裕展606 DAIWA MARINE INTERNATIONAL S.DE R.L. HONDURAS PA, AT J 7
370 264 HONDURAS YU SUAN 102 裕弦102 YUNG HONG MARINE CHI. TAIPEI/JAPAN PA J 7
371 265 HONDURAS YUNG HUANG 606 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US 7
372 266 Honduras YUNG SHU 101 DAIWA MARINE INTERNATIONAL HONDURAS PA J
373 267 HONDURAS YUNG SHU 606 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICES LIMITED CHI. TAIPEI AT US 7
374 268 HONDURAS YUNG YING 606 KWO-JENG MARINE SERVICE/ DAIWA MARINE WORLD CHI. TAIPEI AT J Ａ 7
375 269 HONDURAS YUNG YU 102 DAIWA MARINE INTERNATIONAL HONDURAS/CHI. TAIPEI,JAPAN AT,PA J 7
376 270 HONDURAS Zhong Xin 1 中信1 IN CT 7
377 271 Belize Zhong Xin 16 中信16 PA CT
379 272 豪益202 CT
new 273 GREEN BAY II AT Can 15

NOTES 1
1 Those vessels included on this list that have the same name, but for w hich other information provided is different (i.e. ow ner's name, ow ner's address, area) are show n
as a separate entry. Hence, there could be some double entries. Vessels operating under charter or other arrangements are not included in this list, except the Philippines,
but, given the temporary nature of such arrangements, these vessels should be closely monitored, and evaluated frequently by the Parties concerned.
2 Approved for Chinese Taipei re-registration program
3 Participant in scrapping program
4 Informed to ICCAT in 2001 as new ly built FOC vessel by Chinese Taipei.
5 Vessel operating under charter arrangements w ith Philippine companies. How ever, the Philippines commits itself not to renew their charter contracts after the end of 2002.
Those vessels should not be subject to sanction measures until the end of their contracts or the end of 2002, w hichever comes first.
6 At the 2001 Commission meeting, Belize informed that these had been deleted from the registry or had expired or did not appear on the registry.
7 At the 2001 Commission meeting, Honduras informed that it had cancelled 255 vessel licenses as of Vovember 2001. How ever, the list of cancellations
w as not compared to the list above.
8 These vessels are know n to have carried forged Indonesian registry documents
9 Vessels under South Af rican (SA) control and authority , which may be registered in SA. Upon receipt of such certif ication f rom South Af rica, these v essels will be deleted f rom the list.

10 During the 2002 Commission Meeting, representatives from the listed flag State assured the Commission that the vessel is under their license and control and that it does
not fish in the Atlantic Ocean.
11 According to Seychelles, vessels flying the Seychelles flag are monitored by VMS and provide catch and effort data to the flag State.
12 St. Vincent and the Grenadines indicated in 2002 and 2003 that these v essels are properly regulated and report daily catch-ef f ort data and their geographical position is monitored

on a daily basis
 Examples of Notes of the IUU List
 11 According to Seychelles, vessels flying the Seychelles flag are
monitored by VMS and provide catch and effort data to the flag
State.

 12 St. Vincent and the Grenadines indicated in 2002 and 2003

that these vessels are properly regulated and report daily catch-
effort data and their geographical position is monitored on a daily
basis

 13 In the view of Vanuatu, the listing of these vessels should not

be used as a basis for trade embargo.

 14 Belize informed ICCAT in 2003 that these vessels are now

properly regulated under its High Seas Fishing Act, and that Belize
has undertaken to delete these vessels upon receipt of appropriate
legal evidence to trigger de-registration under Belize legislation.
5. New Countermeasures
- ICCAT, IOTC and IATTC adopted a new
measure based on positive list

- Japan started a new measure based on the

positive list in November 2003 on a global
basis --- only tunas caught by the LSTLVs on the
positive lists are allowed to enter the Japanese
market.
6. Newly Emerging Problems

• Rapid increase of the number of

large-scale purse seine vessels
• Shifting of longline fishing with
vessels less than 24m
Number of Pure Seine Vessels of Major Fishing
Members Registered to FFA Regional Register
70 Taiwan
(including Taiwanese FOC)

60

Taiwanese FOC
50

40
Number of vessels

Taiwan

Japan

30

Korea

U.S.A.

Philippine
20

10

0
2000 Sep. 2001 Sep. 2002 Aug. 2003 June

(Data Source : FFA Regional Register List)

Purse Seine Catches of Major Fishing
Members in the western central Pacific
(1,000MT)
500.0
Taiwan
(including Taiwanese FOC)

450.0

400.0

350.0 Taiwanese FOC

1,000 metric tonnes

300.0

250.0
Taiwan

Japan
200.0

Korea

150.0

Philippine

100.0
U. S. A.

50.0

0.0
※
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(Data Source : SPC YEAR BOOK 2002)
Note : 2003 catches were estimated based upon the past fishing performances and vessel numbers.
List of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
Table1. List of the Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners

Year of Place of
Name Flag GRT built built Owner Address

KOO'S 101 Marshall 996.00 1990 Taiwan

KOO'S 102 Marshall 996.00 1991 Taiwan

KOO'S 103 Marshall 1,198.00 1992 Taiwan 栄星企業（股）公司

台北市復興北路
KOO'S FISHING COMPANY １６７号７棟之３
KOO'S 106 Marshall 1,096.00 1999 Taiwan LIMITED

KOO'S 107 Marshall 1,096.00 1999 Taiwan

KOO'S 108 Marshall 1,099.00 2002 Taiwan

FAIR CHAMPION 707 華満 707 Vanuatu 1,280.00 2003 Taiwan
HUA FONG
FAIR PIONEER 707 華穏 707 Vanuatu 1,060.00 1999 Taiwan
華偉漁業（股）公司 高雄市漁港南一路
Fair Well Fishery Co, LTD. 15 号 4F
FAIR VICTORY 707 華勝 707 Vanuatu 1,280.00

FAIR WINNER 707 HUA FONG Vanuatu 1,060.00 1998 Taiwan

華豊 707
FONG SEONG 168 豊祥 168 Vanuatu 2,380.00

FONG SEONG 196 豊祥 196 Vanuatu 2,386.00

FONG SEONG 666 豊祥 666 Vanuatu 2,234.00 1999 Taiwan 豊誠漁業（股）公司 高雄市鼓山区濱海一路
Fong Cherng Fishery Co, 69 号
FONG SEONG 668 (建造中） Vanuatu 2,386.00 LTD.

FONG SEONG 696 豊祥 696 Vanuatu 2,234.00 1999 Taiwan

FONG SEONG 818 豊祥 818 Vanuatu 1,152.00 2002 Taiwan

EASTERN MARINE 東方海洋 Vanuatu 1,099.00 1999 Taiwan

EASTERN STAR (建造中） Vanuatu 2,386.00

豊国水産（股）公司 高雄市前鎮区漁港東二
ORIENTAL MARINE 遠東海洋 Vanuatu 1,099.00 1999 Taiwan Fong Kuo Fishery Co, LTD. 路三号（423 室）
TUNA CATCHER 鮪魚猟人 Vanuatu 1,099.00

TUNA QUEEN 鮪魚后 Vanuatu 1,099.00

HF 88 鴻福 88 Vanuatu 1,284.00 鴻福漁業（股）公司 高雄市臨海一路 22 号

Hong Fu Fishery Co, LTD.

HSIANG FA 8 祥發 08 Vanuatu 1,284.00

HSIANG HAO 8 祥豪 08 Vanuatu 2,200.00

中信造船 高雄市前鎮區漁
港北一路 46 號?
HSIANG SHENG 6 祥勝 06 Vanuatu 1,150.00 2002 Taiwan

SHUN FA 8 順撥 08 Vanuatu 1,280.00

YUNG DA FA 168 永大撥 168 Vanuatu 1,152.00

錦輝漁業（股）公司 高雄市前鎮區漁
Jin Hui Ocean Enterprises 港東二路 3 號 316 室?
YUNG DA FA 668 永大撥 668 Vanuatu 1,152.00
Increase of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
Sep-01 Aug-02 Jun-03 Feb-04

Name Flag GRT Name Flag GRT Name Flag GRT Name Flag GRT

KOO'S 101 MH 996 KOO'S 101 MH 996 KOO'S 101 MH 996 KOO'S 101 MH 996

KOO'S 102 MH 996 KOO'S 102 MH 996 KOO'S 102 MH 996 KOO'S 102 MH 996

KOO'S 103 MH 1198 KOO'S 103 MH 1198 KOO'S 103 MH 1198 KOO'S 103 MH 1198

KOO'S 106 MH 1096 KOO'S 106 MH 1096 KOO'S 106 MH 1096 KOO'S 106 MH 1096

KOO'S 107 MH 1096 KOO'S 107 MH 1096 KOO'S 107 MH 1096 KOO'S 107 MH 1096

EASTERN MARINE VU 1099 EASTERN MARINE VU 1099 EASTERN MARINE VU 1099 EASTERN MARINE VU 1099

FAIR CRYSTAL 707 VU 1060 FAIR CRYSTAL 707 VU 1060 FAIR PIONEER 707 ※ VU 1060 FAIR PIONEER 707 VU 1060

FAIR WINNER 707 VU 1060 FAIR WINNER 707 VU 1060 FAIR WINNER 707 VU 1060 FAIR WINNER 707 VU 1060

FONG SEONG 666 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 666 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 666 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 666 VU 2234

FONG SEONG 696 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 696 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 696 VU 2234 FONG SEONG 696 VU 2234

ORIENTAL MARINE VU 1099 ORIENTAL MARINE VU 1099 ORIENTAL MARINE VU 1099 ORIENTAL MARINE VU 1099

Total 11 vessels FAIR VICTORY 707 VU 1280 FAIR VICTORY 707 VU 1280 FAIR VICTORY 707 VU 1280

HF 88 VU 1284 HF 88 VU 1284 HF 88 VU 1284

HSIANG FA 8 VU 1150 HSIANG FA 8 VU 1150 HSIANG FA 8 VU 1150

Total 14 vessels KOO'S 108 MH 1099 KOO'S 108 MH 1099

FAIR CHAMPION 707 VU 1280 FAIR CHAMPION 707 VU 1280

FONG SEONG 168 VU 2380 FONG SEONG 168 VU 2380

FONG SEONG 196 VU 2386 FONG SEONG 196 VU 2386

FONG SEONG 818 VU 1152 FONG SEONG 818 VU 1152

HSIANG HAO 8 VU 2200 HSIANG HAO 8 VU 2200

HSIANG SHENG 6 VU 1150 HSIANG SHENG 6 VU 1150

SHUN FA 8 VU 1150 SHUN FA 8 VU 1150

TUNA CATCHER VU 1099 TUNA CATCHER VU 1099

Total 23 vessels EASTERN STAR VU 2386

FONG SEONG 668 VU 2386

TUNA QUEEN VU 1099

※ FAIR CRYSTAL 707 was re-named
YUNG DA FA 168 VU 1152
FAIR PIONEER 707.
YUNG DA FA 668 VU 1152

Total 28 vessels
 Number of Longliners of Major Fishing
Members Registered to FFA Regional Register
300

Taiwan
(including Taiwane s e FOC)

250

Taiwane s e FOC

Taiwan

200
Number of vessels

Japan

Kore a

China
150

100

50

0
2000 Sep. 2001 Sep. 2002 Aug. 2003 June

(Data Source : FFA Regional Register List)

 Conclusion
• Measures focused on flag states
including trade measure had a
limited effectiveness.
• Trade tracking and its resulting
accumulation of information by
market countries are an enormous
task but it provides the most
important fundamentals for creation
of effective measures to combat IUU
fishing.
• Direct consultations with IUU vessel
owners played an important role
toward termination of the problem.
 Conclusion - continues
• Measures based on positive list are
effective but there may still continue tuna
laundering and use of forged documents.
• FOC/IUU fishing is a part of overcapacity.
• All FOC flag states are developing states.
• Even after elimination of IUU fishing, as
far as developing states accept limitlessly
registrations of foreign fishing vessels,
overcapacity problem continues.
 Recommendations
• IUU measures should be specific to each
fishery and based on trade and other
data for identification of real operators.
• FAO should establish a global record of
tuna fishing vessels, compiling the
existing records of tuna fishing vessels
of relevant RFMOs and RFMOs should
cooperate with FAO in establishment of
the record.
• Developed states, parties and fishing
entities should stop construction of new
tuna fishing vessels except for those
replacing the existing licensed vessels
with equivalent fishing capacity
whatever flag is used.
Recommendations - continues
• FAO should request RFMOs to establish,
as a matter of priority, a system to
transfer fishing capacity from developed
states, parties and fishing entities to
developing states smoothly.
• A nation, party or fishing entity whose
residents caused rapid expansion of
fishing capacity in recent years should cut
at least that expanded portion of fishing
capacity.
• RFMOs should develop market oriented
measures for purse seine caught tuna.
Countries importing purse seine caught
tuna must play a vital role.