Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Learning Outcomes Level I Institutionally Accredited

Student Learning Strategies

Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self- Lecture Guide
Paced) Introduction:

Ichthyology studies taxonomy, evolution, morphology, anatomy and

embryology of fish, species and age structure of populations and their
quantities, migration and geographical distribution of fish in waters of different
climatic zones, etiology and ecology of fish.

Module 1. Fish Basic Anatomy

Lesson 1. The External Anatomy of a Fish:
FISH EXTERNAL ANATOMY

Lesson 2. The Boundaries of Fish Body

The Head
 Mouth - serves for taking in food; also for the
breathing current of water.

 Eyes - Used for sight, fish can detect colors and see
short distance with their eyes. They use their vision
to escape predators and find food.

 Nares (Nostril) -  Similar to nostrils, except nares are

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

used for smelling only (nostrils are used for both

smelling and breathing).
 Operculum - It covers the fish gills. It also serves as
the exit passage of the water on the mouth of the
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
fish.

Level I Institutionally Accredited  Barbels - Also known as whiskers, located under the
mouth of a fish. These are tactile and taste organs
used for locating food in dark or muddy waters.. Not
all fish have barbells.

The Body

 Vent - The vent removes waste and extra water. It is

also the outlet for eggs or milt (sperm) during
spawning.
 Body Covering or Scales – Fish are covered with
scales, which protect the body from skin damages.
 Lateral Line - is a series of fluid-filled ducts located
just under the scales. It picks up vibrations in the
water that enable fish to detect predators, find food,
and navigate more efficiently. It help the fish detect
water current and water pressure changes.
 Peduncle – It is situated at the edge of the tail fin
that lies on the end or outside of the caudal fin.
 The Fins - used for movement, stability, nest-
building, spawning, and as tactile organs. Fins can
be single or paired.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self- Types of Fins:
Paced)
 Anal Fin- A single fin located on the underside of the
body just forward of the caudal fin. Used to stabilize
the fish while it is swimming.

 Pelvic or Ventral Fins - A paired fin located forward

of the anal fin and are used to provide further
stability in swimming.

 Pectoral Fin- A paired fin located near the gill cover.

It is used for manoeuvring the fish.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

 Dorsal fin - A single fin, but some species may have a

second fin. It is located on the back of the fish. It
serves to help balance the fish while swimming.

 Adipose fin - is a tiny fin found between the dorsal

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
and caudal fins on some fish a soft, fleshy fin.
Level I Institutionally Accredited

 Finlets - small fins generally behind the dorsal and

anal fins. They are rayless and non-retractable.

 Caudal Keel - May be single, paired, or double pairs.

The Tail

 Tail fin - Also known as the caudal fin. Fish used tail
fin for propulsion.

Lesson 3. . Internal Parts of a Fish

Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self-
Paced)

 Spine - The primary structural framework, upon which the fish's body is
built, connects to the skull at the front of the fish and to the tail at the
rear.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

 Spinal cord - Connects the brain to the rest of the body and relays
sensory information from the body to the brain, as well as instructions
from the brain to the rest of the body.
 Brain - This is the control center of the fish, where both automatic
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
functions, such as respiration, and higher behaviors occur. All sensory
Level I Institutionally Accredited
information is processed here.
 Swim (or air) bladder - This hollow, gas-filled balance organ allows a
fish to conserve energy by maintaining neutral buoyancy (suspending)
in water.
 Gills - Allow a fish to breathe underwater.
 Kidney - This filters liquid waste materials from the blood, and these
wastes are then passed out of the body.
 Stomach and intestines - These break down food and absorb nutrients.
 Pyloric caeca - This organ with fingerlike projections is located near
the junction of the stomach and the intestines. It is known to secrete
enzymes that aid in digestion, may function to absorb digested food, or do
Offline Activities
both.
(e-Learning/Self-
Paced)  Vent - This is the site of waste elimination from the fish's body. It is also
the outlet for eggs or sperm during spawning.

 Liver - This important organ has a number of functions. It assists in

digestion by secreting enzymes that break down fats, and it also serves
as a storage area for fats and carbohydrates as well as it works in the
destruction of old blood cells and in maintaining proper blood
chemistry, as well as playing a role in nitrogen (waste) excretion.

 Heart - This circulates blood throughout the body.

 Gonads (reproductive organs) - The male organs, which produce milt

for fertilizing the eggs, are much smaller and white but found in the
same general location.

 Muscles - Provide movement and locomotion.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Performance Tasks

ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Level I Institutionally Accredited

PT 2 – Offline:
a. Individual activity:
Make a schematic drawing of external and internal fish anatomy and note all of the
body parts.
b. Quiz. Quiz will be posted in Google classroom and to be accomplish within the given
period/time.

All outputs are due to submit on or before the given due dates in google classroom.

Understanding Directed Assessment

1. Methods of assessment of students learning competencies will be thru

a. Multiple test questions at the end of the unit. (Online and Offline)
b. Post copy of task output Image Pad in google classroom.
c. Scoring by Rubrics for PT outputs.
2. Tools for assessment – Online tools generated, Rubric, Paper and pen

Learning Resources
- Fish Base 200
- Lagler, Karl – Ichthyology
- Fisheries Biology and Management
- Laboratory Manual in Zoology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING