Definition and sources of

drugs
What is pharmacology
• “pharmakon” means drug
• “logos” means science.
• It is the science that deals with the study of drugs and it’s effect on
biological system.
What is a drug?
• “drogue” means dry herb.
• Is a medicinal substance used for diagnosis , treatment, prevention
and cure of disease.
WHO Definition of drug
• A drug is any substance or product used to or intended to be used to
modify or explore the physiological state or pathological condition for
the benefit of recipient.
Pharmakokinetics
• Is what the body does to the drugs?
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination
Pharmacodynamics
• Is what the drug does to the body?
• Interaction of drug with cellular protein, such as receptor or enzyme
to control changes in physiological function of particular organs.
Pharmacodynamics
• Drug –receptor interaction
-binding
• Signal transduction
mechanism of action, pathways
• Dose –response
-effect
Pharmacotherapeutics
• “Therapeutics” means ‘to care or to nurse’
• Clinical application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
information of the drug in the care of disease states.
Clinical pharmacology
• Study of drugs in human beings
• Healthy volunteers as well as patients.
• Help to device scientific methodology to evaluate therapeutic efficacy
and safety of drugs.
• Also include monitoring of adverse drug reactions
Toxicology
• “toxicon” is a Greek word means poison
• Is tha study of symptoms, mechanism ,detection and treatment of
poison.
• Also deals with poisonous effect of drugs and chemicals.
Pharmacovigilance
• It is the science related to
• detection,
• assessment,
• understanding
• and prevention
• of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or other drug related problems.
• The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO),
• Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare,
• Government of India in collaboration with Indian Pharmacopeia
Commission, Ghaziabad has initiated a

• ‘Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI)’.

Pharmacoepidemiology

It is the study of the use and effects of a drug in large population after
its approval for clinical use.

The risk: benefit ratio of drug can be ascertained only after the drug is
used widely by the general population
Pharmacogenetics
• is the study of DNA sequence variation and its relation to drug effect.
• The term pharmacogenetics comes from the combination of two
words- pharmacology and genetics.
• Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic factors that influence the
drug action.
Pharmacogenomics

• : is the study of the genome and its products (including RNA and
proteins) as it relates to drug discovery and development.
• Chemotherapy: It deals with the treatment of systemic infections or
cancer with drugs that have selective toxicity for the infective
organisms or cancer cells with minimal effects on host cells.
• Other allied fields of pharmacology are:
Chemotherapy
• Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics: It mainly deals with the manufacture,
compounding and dispensing of drugs for therapeutic use. With rapid
advancement the pharmacist is no longer required to prepare and dispense
the drug since this is done by manufacturers. The role of pharmacist is of a
community pharmacist who knows about the properties of drugs like
stability, shelf life, preservation and handling of drug preparations.
• Biopharmaceutics: It deals with designing of new drug delivery systems
and dosage forms.
• Posology: It is concerned with doses of drugs
• Pharmacognosy: It is the study of the source and identification of drugs
from plants.
Pharmacy and pharmaceutics
Biopharmaceutics
Posology
Pharmacognosy
Sources of drugs
Sources of drugs

Natural synthetic
• Plants • Semi Synthetic
• Animals • Synthetic
• Microorganisms • Recombinant technology
• minerals
Plants sources
Animal sources
Microorganism sources
Mineral sources
Semisynthetic sources
Synthetic sources
Recombinant technology sources