ATP PRODUCTION &

CONSUMPTION
IAN A. TOLOMIA
JONEL V PARAGAS
• Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the
enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP and
phosphate to ATP. ATP synthase is located in
the membrane of cellular structures called
mitochondria; in plant cells, the enzyme also
is found in chloroplast
GLYCOLYSIS

• DescriptionGlycolysis is the metabolic pathway

that converts glucose C₆H₁₂O₆, into pyruvate,
CH₃COCOO⁻ + H⁺. The free energy released in this
process is used to form the high-energy molecules
ATP and NADH. Glycolysis is a sequence of ten
enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
• the sequence of reactions by which most living
cells generate energy during the process of
aerobic respiration. It takes place in the
mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing
carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and
converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.
GLYCOLYSIS PROCESS
KREBS CYCLE
• The citric acid cycle – also known as the TCA
cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical
reactions used by all aerobic organisms to
release stored energy through the oxidation of
acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins, into adenosine triphosphate and
carbon dioxide.
KREBS CYCLE PROCESS
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
• Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport-linked
phosphorylation) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use
enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is
used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In most
eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all
aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This
pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient
way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation
processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
ATP RECYCLING

• Within the power plants of the cell

(mitochondria), energy is used to add one
molecule of inorganic phosphate (P) to a
molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ... In
this way, ATP and ADP are constantly being
recycled. Figure legend: The ATP-ADP Cycle.
ATP RECYCLING PROCESS
THE END