DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF

PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM
By
Mr. ABHIJITH GOPAL K.K.
Register number: HKC16ME001
Class: S7 ME

Under the Supervision of

Mr. TINTO MATHEW
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
MGM College of Engineering and Technology, Pampakuda.
 OVERVIEW
• INTRODUCTION
• PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM
• CLASSIFICATION OF PV/T COLLECTOR
• FLAT-PLATE PV/T COLLECTOR
• CONCENTRATED TYPE PV/T COLLECTOR
• CPV/T WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
• DEVELOPMENT OF NANO FLUIDS IN PV/T SYSTEM
• APPLICATIONS OF PV/T SYSTEM
• WATER DESALINATION
• BUILDING INTEGRATED PV/T SYSTEM
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCE
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 INTRODUCTION
• Rapidly increasing demand for energy.

• Burning fossil fuels resulting in hazardous pollution.

• Global warming endangers living species.

• Need of renewable energy sources.

• Renewable energy – solar, wind, hydro, geothermal energy

etc..

• Abundant and inexhaustible makes solar energy popular.

• Renewable, cheap and environmental friendly.

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 PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM
• Combination of photovoltaic and
solar thermal components
• Generates electricity and heat from a
combined system.
• Consist of glass cover, PV panel,
thermal absorber, insulation.
• PV module- absorbed thermal energy
carried by working fluid.
• Cells cooled and high efficiency by
lowering resistance. Fig.1

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 4/22

CLASSIFICATION OF PV/T COLLECTOR
• Flat-plate
1. Air-type
2. Liquid-type
• Concentrator
1. Single cell concentrator
2. Linear geometry
concentrator

Fig.2

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 5/22

 FLAT-PLATE PV/T COLLECTOR
• Aperture area equal to absorber
plate. i.e. concentration ratio =1.
• Applied for devices requiring energy
delivery at moderate temp.
• Consist of glass cover, solar cell,
absorber collector and insulation.
• Depending on working fluid- air type
and water type.
• Optimal tilt is close to the latitude of
location. Fig.3
• Used in solar water heating, building
heating, AC and industrial process
heat.

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 CONCENTRATOR TYPE PV/T

• Collectors focusses light from reflectors.

• Future scope of collectors – optical devices cheaper than
solar cell.
• An increase of radiation flux can be obtained and less area
required.
• Absorbed energy converted into heat.
• High radiation flux results in high CPV/T and fluid temp causes
high junction temperature.

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 CONCENTRATOR TYPE PV/T
• Three types – Single cell concentrator, Linear concentrator and
Densely packed cells.

Fig.4 Fig.5

Fig.6

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 CPV/T WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
• Large portion of solar energy is dissipated as waste heat.
• Dissipated heat can be recovered for various application.
• They provide both electricity and usable heat by combining
thermal systems with CPV.
• Three types:
WHR CPVT
• Cooling occurs at back side
• All incident solar energy received by PV module
• Part of radiation is converted into electricity in PN
junction, rest converted to heat
• Cooling system absorbs heat for further utilisation

Fig.7

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 9/22

 CPV/T WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
SBS CPVT
• According to its spectral wavelength, photons with
energy of solar cell band gap is converted by PV cell
• Lower energy photons given to thermal receiver for
heat generation
• Solar radiation is split into UV + VIS and near infrared
path so solar energy is fully utilized
• Optical element for spectral beam splitting such as
holographic filter, liquid, etc. are used

Fig.8

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 10/22

 CPV/T WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
DF CPVT
• It is an emerging concept
• Specially designed for non-uniform concentrated
solar radiation
• Aims to make full use of loss of truncated energy
profile
• Edge part of concentrated illumination recovered in
this type of CPVT

Fig.9

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 DEVELOPMENT OF NANO FLUIDS
• Cooling of PV systems and low heat carrying capacity
reasons for low efficiency.
• Nano fluid- mixture of nano particles with a base fluid.
• Have high surface area to volume ratio – superior thermal
conductivity, smooth flow, stability , higher heat transfer
rate.
• Nanoparticles such as SiC, metal oxides are preferred and
base fluid like water -suspension properties.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 12/22

 PARAMETERS OF NANO FLUID
• Velocity: Better to use nano particles at high CR. Best
performance of nano fluids is at higher velocity, in the range
of low turbulent Reynolds no:
• Volume fraction: Efficiency increases at low Reynolds no:
and volume fraction.
• Size: Increasing the particle size, decreases heat transfer
rate.

Fig.10 Fig.11

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 APPLICATIONS OF PV/T SYSTEM
• Water desalination.
• Building integrated PV/T system.
• solar dryer.
• Temperature control-solar cooling.

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 WATER DESALINATION
• CPV/T desalination system utilize waste heat from PV cells.
• 3 stages – Reverse Osmosis, multistage Flash distillation,
multiple effect evaporation.
• CPV/T systems used to work under wide range of
temperature.
• Working fluid transport heat from CPV/T and to ME
evaporator.
• Hot fluid evaporates seawater flowing in and remaining
seawater to second effect.
• Vapor forms in evaporator, condenses in next, producing heat
energy for evaporation.
• Vapor produced heats the incoming seawater in a condenser
in advance.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 15/22

 WATER DESALINATION

Fig.12

• Fig shows a CPV/T system for PV- powered RO desalination

unit.
• Complimentary thermal energy used as booster.
• Freshwater production increased 57%

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 BUILDING INTEGRATED PV/T SYSTEM
• Consist of Collectors, PV panel, storage unit and a load such as
house.
• Collector heats its working fluid, transfer solar radiation into
electric energy via PV panels and storage system.
• Can be applied in floors or walls to store thermal energy.
• PCM improves energy efficiency, performance and can store
energy without corrosion.
• PCM improves temp by about 40%.
• Adding microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) to the back of PV
panels.
 Power generation efficiency improved by 2.1%

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 BUILDING INTEGRATED PV/T SYSTEM
• The temp. of PV module depends on type of glass and PV
module with clear glass performed better.
• Various modeling techniques and softwares in thermal
modeling, energy analysis of BIPV and BIPV/T systems.
Able to fulfill energy requirements of building and BIPV/T
performed better.

Fig.13

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 18/22

 SUMMARY
• PV/T systems have great potential for expansion and
development.
• With rapid growth, application for PV/T system is increased.
• It has high performance and reliability with longer
expectation.
• There is lack of research in electrical side, economic and
environmental evaluation of PV/T.
• PV/T systems are not cheap and the application usually
need larger spaces.

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 REFERENCES
[1] Yuting Jia, Guruprasad Alva, Guiyin Fang. Development and
applications of photovoltaic-thermal system: A review. 2019
[2] F.A. Sachit, N. Tamaldin, M.A.MAM. Rosli, S. Misha. Current
progress on flat plate water collector design in PV/T system:
A review. 2018
[3] Xing Ju, Chao Xu, Zhirong Liao, Xiaoze Du, Gaosheng Wei,
Zhifeng Wang, Yongping Yang . A review of concentrated
photovoltaic-thermal (CPVT) hybrid solar systems with
waste heat recovery (WHR). 2017
[4] Naseem Abbas, Muhammad Bilal Awan, Mohammed
Amer, Syed Muhammad Ammar, Uzair Sajjad, Hafiz
Muhammad Ali. Applications of nanofluids in photovoltaic
thermal systems: A review of recent advances. 2019

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMAL SYSTEM 20/22

 REFERENCES
[5] Veera Gnaneswar Gude , Nagamany Nirmalakhandan &
Shuguang Deng. Integrated PV-thermal system for
desalination and power production. 2012.
[6] Clara Good, Jinfeng Chen, Yanjun Dai, Anne Grete Hestnes.
Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal systems in buildings – A review.
2015.
[7] Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal systems in buildings – a
review. Photovoltaic Thermal PV/T systems: A review. 2017.

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THANK YOU